Stochastic modeling for energy efficiency in modified directional discontinuous reception for LTE‐5G networks

Abstract

Fifth-generation (5G) networks deal with high-frequency data rates, ultra-low latency, more reliability, massive network capacity, more availability, and a more uniform user experience. To validate the high-frequency rates, 5G networks engage beam searching operation. By adopting a beam searching state between the short and long sleep, one can reduce the system's delay. The energy consumption of user equipment (UE) in 5G networks is much higher than in the 4G networks. To reduce the energy consumption and increase the energy saving in UE, Long-Term Evolution (LTE)-5G networks adopt the discontinuous reception (DRX) scheme with a fixed number of short sleep. LTE-DRX without beam search operation (i.e., beam alignment) cannot work in 5G networks. Hence, keeping this scenario in mind, we have modeled a new modified directional discontinuous reception (MD-DRX) mechanism for LTE-5G networks. The MD-DRX mechanism captures the behavior of a beam searching, an inactive, an active, a long sleep, an ON, and a short sleep states.The short sleep state consists of a maximum M short sleep. To get the optimal energy saving and energy consumption (i.e., energy efficiency) from the MD-DRX mechanism, it is required to check the system's throughput. The trade-off between energy saving/energy consumption and throughput will provide the system's optimal energy saving and optimal energy consumption. In this paper, we have obtained the system's optimal energy saving and throughput by optimizing the maximum short sleep and short sleep duration. To get the energy efficiency for LTE-5G networks, the trade-off between average energy consumption/energy saving and throughput is shown.

Energy analysis using semi‐Markov modeling for the base station in 5G networks

“…It striked a balance between conserving energy and optimizing throughput to attain peak system performance. 9 Energy consumption is a crucial factor in wireless networks, and many authors discussed this direction, for example, the energy issue in the UE was presented in earlier studies. 10,11 In wireless networks, a BS is essential for communication but consumes a lot of energy, and hence, there is a great literature on energy analysis in the BS.…”

“…The steady‐state availability (A) and unavailability (U) are given by The arrival of user requests in the BS follows the Poisson process with the rate , and the service rate of user requests follows a general distribution with mean . Hence, the throughput of the system is obtained as 9 follows: …”

“…The research presented a mechanism designed for LTE‐5G networks with a focus on enhancing energy efficiency. It striked a balance between conserving energy and optimizing throughput to attain peak system performance 9 . Energy consumption is a crucial factor in wireless networks, and many authors discussed this direction, for example, the energy issue in the UE was presented in earlier studies 10,11 .…”