Stochastic sediment transport in soil erosion

Lisle, I. G.; Rose, C. W.; Hogarth, W. L.; Hairsine, Peter B.; Sander, G. C.; Parlange, J.‐Y.

doi:10.1016/s0022-1694(97)00123-6

Cited by 78 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Note that the model does yield diffusive-like behaviour. It has been shown (Lisle et al, 1998) that this model produces an effective diffusion coefficient that is proportional to u 2 , which is typical short-time behaviour of transport in heterogeneous domains (e.g., Sposito and Barry (1987); Li et al (1994)). In terms of model parsimony, diffusion in the water phase is ignored since, as shown below, the model describes satisfactorily the experimental data to which it is applied.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…1 illustrates the different compartments of the two-region model. Following Hairsine and Rose (1991), Lisle et al (1998) and Barry et al (2010), the model's governing equations are: ] are, respectively, the concentration in the facade and the concentration in the water flowing over the facade. The model assumes that the water flow rate, u [L/T], is constant over the period of model application.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling city-scale facade leaching of biocide by rainfall

et al. 2012

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t r a c tA methodology is presented for estimating, at the city scale, the amount of biocide released from facades during rain events. The methodology consists of two elements. First, leaching of a single facade is simulated using a two-region model, one region for the biocide in the facade and the other for that in the flow over the facade surface. In the latter region, water advection moves the biocide to the base of the facade, and so into the environment. Rates of detachment and deposition define the exchange process between the two regions. The two-region model was calibrated on laboratory data, and afterward applied at city scale to Lausanne, Switzerland (200,000 inhabitants). The city-scale application uses the second element of the methodology, which consists of an estimate of the exposure of the city's facades to rainfall, and relating that rainfall to the over-facade flow in the calibrated singlefacade model. This results in a straightforward translation of over-facade flow volume to facade paint age, a necessary connection since facade leaching is dependent on paint age.For Lausanne, it was estimated that approximately 30% of the mass of biocides applied annually is released into the environment.ª 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. IntroductionBiocides are substances designed to destroy, repulse or make harmless adverse organisms via a chemical or biological reaction, as described, for example, in the European Parliament Directive 98/8/CE (E. U., 1998). Their presence in the natural environment can affect fauna and flora even at low concentrations (Chè vre et al., 2006;Mohr et al., 2009;Wittmer et al., 2011a). Agriculture has traditionally been the main source of environmental contamination by pesticides. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the same compounds in urban environment, which have multiple and complex origins (Wittmer and Burkhardt, 2009), should be considered also (Schoknecht et al., 2003;Wittmer et al., 2010). These substances, when present in the urban environment, are usually named biocides. Biocides contained in exterior building paints are often considered as a major contamination source (Burkhardt et al., 2011). Indeed, fungicides and algaecide are frequently used in resin-based paints and renders to prevent the growth of organisms that would otherwise colonize facades under moist conditions (Shirakawa et al., 2002). These products are widespread, accounting for more than 95% of the insulated facade market (Burkhardt et al., 2011).Surfaces treated with biocides and exposed to rainfall can potentially be leached and thereby release biocides into the environment. The main physico-chemical factors controlling facade leaching are dissolution, complexation, sorption, diffusion, percolation and surface wash-off (Hall, 1977; Van der Sloot et al., 2008). For a given substance, leaching rates are influenced by pH, type of reactive surface in contact with it, and water phase composition (Appelo and Postma, 2005).Detailed mechanistic models of these processes for building facad...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling city-scale facade leaching of biocide by rainfall

et al. 2012

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“…[14] A simple theory of stochastic sediment transport has been presented by Lisle et al [1998], where a soil particle movement is described as a two-state continuous time Markov process. Microorganism-soil particle interactions and transport in water and on the soil surface are more complicated multiparameter processes, but can still be modeled as a discrete state continuous time Markov process.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The material derivatives on the left-hand side of (5) can be expanded to account for temporal and spatial variation of the solutions [Lisle et al, 1998]:…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We will demonstrate that the equations derived from a macroscopic point of view are mathematically identical to the Chapman-Kolmogorov equations obtained in the previous section. This allows for identification of the parameters of the stochastic model in terms of the physical process parameters [Bartholomay, 1962;Lisle et al, 1998]. …”

Section: Physical Identification Of the Stochastic Model Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A combined microscopic and macroscopic approach to modeling the transport of pathogenic microorganisms from nonpoint sources of pollution

Yeghiazarian

Walker

Binning

et al. 2006

Water Resources Research

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[1] Recent outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis raise serious concerns about the effectiveness of watershed management in controlling the risk of contamination by pathogens. A modeling strategy that takes into account the inherent randomness of the occurrence and transport of pathogens in surface water is important for accurate risk assessment and prediction of water contamination events. This paper presents a stochastic Markov model of microorganism transport, with distinct states of microorganism behavior capturing the microbial partitioning between solid and aqueous phases in runoff and soil surface, including the partitioning among soil particles of various sizes. A connection between the soil sediment and microbial transport is established through the incorporation of an erosion model (WEPP) into the microorganism transport model. Probability distribution functions of microorganism occurrence in time and space are constructed, and their properties are analyzed. A deterministic mathematical model of coupled pathogen and sediment transport is developed in parallel to parameterize the Markov process. The numerical values for the Markov model parameters were derived from two sets of experimental data. Model results show that areas with clay soils are more likely than sandy soils to contribute to contamination events and that the most influential transport parameters are the saturated hydraulic conductivity, rainfall intensity, and topographic slope.

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Stochastic downscaling of precipitation to high-resolution scenarios in orographically complex regions: 1. Model evaluation

Bordoy

Burlando

2014

Water Resour. Res.

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[1] The simulation of space-time precipitation has been studied since the late 1980s. However, there are still many open issues concerning the most appropriate approach to simulate it, specially in highly heterogeneous areas, such as in mountain environments. For this reason, we present here a comprehensive investigation of the Space-Time NeymanScott Rectangular Pulses model, with the purpose of analyzing its performance in a challenging Alpine environment of Switzerland and identifying weaknesses that can drive future improvements. The results point at the suitability of the model in reproducing not only the basic statistics at different temporal aggregations, but also the more challenging distributional and scaling properties. The intrinsic stationarity of the model in space, induced by the parameter estimation procedure, poses occasional limitations with regard to the accurate simulation of the variability of the observed climate characteristics, which are strongly influenced by local microclimates. However, the model is able, even in the complex Alpine environment, to preserve the spatial patterns observed in the actual precipitation process. The study allowed (i) to conclude about the robustness of the model and its suitability for multisite downscaling of precipitation estimated from climate model simulations, as reported in the companion paper, and (ii) to put in evidence some limitations that require further consideration to improve space-time rainfall generation.Citation: Bordoy, R., and P. Burlando (2014), Stochastic downscaling of precipitation to high-resolution scenarios in orographically complex regions: 1. Model evaluation, Water Resour. Res., 50, 540-561,

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Stochastic sediment transport in soil erosion

Cited by 78 publications

References 13 publications

Modelling city-scale facade leaching of biocide by rainfall

Modelling city-scale facade leaching of biocide by rainfall

A combined microscopic and macroscopic approach to modeling the transport of pathogenic microorganisms from nonpoint sources of pollution

Stochastic downscaling of precipitation to high-resolution scenarios in orographically complex regions: 1. Model evaluation

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