Stochastic wavefunction diagrams for electromagnetically induced transparency, inversionless gain and shelving

Vaccaro, John A.; Durrant, A.V.; Richards, D; Hopkins, S. A.; Chen, Hongxin; Hill, Karen E.

doi:10.1080/09500349808231691

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This predicted transient gain can occur without population inversion on the probe transition, and occurs with and without incoherent pumping. This ringing has also been explained by Vaccaro et al [10] via stochastic wavefunction diagrams. Transient ringing of a three level system with gain has been observed in the radio-frequency regime in nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond samples [11] but not yet in the optical region.…”

supporting

confidence: 69%

Observation of transient gain without population inversion in a laser-cooled rubidiumΛsystem

et al. 2001

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We have observed clear Rabi oscillations of a weak probe in a strongly driven three-level ⌳ system in laser-cooled rubidium. When the coupling field is nonadiabatically switched on using a Pockels cell, transient probe gain without population inversion is obtained in the presence of uncoupled absorptions. Our results are supported by three-state computations. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.64.055801 PACS number͑s͒: 42.50.Gy, 42.50.Md, 42.50.Hz, 32.80.Pj In the past decade there has been growing interest in the study of atomic coherence effects in multilevel atoms, especially coherent population trapping ͓1͔, electromagnetically induced transparency ͑EIT͒ ͓2͔, slow light propagation ͓3͔, and optical gain without inversion. Reviews of lasing without inversion have been given by Kocharovska and Scully ͓4͔ and more recently by Mompart and Corbalán ͓5͔. Most of this work has been in the steady-state regime and the fast picosecond pulsed regime ͓6͔, but there have been several studies of transient effects where the coherence is switched on or off rapidly in a time that is short compared to decay rates and Rabi frequencies, i.e., in the nonadiabatic regime. An early experiment by Fry et al. ͓7͔ demonstrated several transient effects in a three-level ⌳ system realized in a sodium vapor cell. Their observations included transient gain of a strong field when a weak field was switched on by a Pockels cell in the presence of incoherent pumping to the upper level, but without population inversion. Subsequently, several theoretical studies of nondegenerate three-level lambda, V, and cascade systems have predicted transient ringing of a probe beam with gain when a strong coupling beam is switched on ͓8,9͔. This predicted transient gain can occur without population inversion on the probe transition, and occurs with and without incoherent pumping. This ringing has also been explained by Vaccaro et al. ͓10͔ via stochastic wave-function diagrams. Transient ringing of a threelevel system with gain has been observed in the radiofrequency regime in nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond samples ͓11͔ but not yet in the optical region. Since the ringing occurs at approximately the Rabi frequency of the strong field, experiments in the optical region would need to be carried out in a Doppler-free configuration or ideally in a laser-cooled sample to avoid the Doppler effects masking the coherent effects.In our previous work ͓12͔ we observed the transient approach to EIT in a cold rubidium ⌳ system in a magnetooptical trap ͑MOT͒. When the coupling field was switched on by a Pockels cell, the rapid rise in probe transparency exhibited an overshoot before settling down to the steady state. This overshoot was interpreted as the first Rabi halfcycle in the transient ringing, but it did not reach gain owing to absorption on uncoupled Zeeman transitions and twophoton dephasing effects. In the experiments reported in this paper the coupling field intensity has been increased to the point where a clear Rabi ringing cycle reaching well into gain is observ...

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supporting

confidence: 69%

Observation of transient gain without population inversion in a laser-cooled rubidiumΛsystem

et al. 2001

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“…In this case we would have (in general) non-zero ρ 0 aa , ρ 0 bb and ρ 0 cc = 1−ρ 0 aa −ρ 0 bb , but vanishing off-diagonal components. A discussion of the faster oscillations using the 3D Vector Model [34,35] appears in the Appendix.…”

Section: B Turn-on Transient With Resonant Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oscillations in Im [ρ bc (t)] at the angular frequency Ω 1 noted in Section II are unusual in that the Rabi frequency usually associated with the cycling of population is approximately Ω 1 /2. The origins of this effect in the absence of decay are easily demonstrated using the 3D Vector Model of 3-state systems introduced recently [34,35].…”

Section: Appendix A: Further Investigations Of the "Fast" Oscillationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonant and off-resonant transients in electromagnetically induced transparency: Turn-on and turn-off dynamics

et al. 2002

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This paper presents a wide-ranging theoretical and experimental study of nonadiabatic transient phenomena in a ⌳ electromagnetically induced transparency system when a strong coupling field is rapidly switched on or off. The theoretical treatment uses a Laplace transform approach to solve the time-dependent density matrix equation. The experiments are carried out in a 87 Rb magneto-optical trap. The results show transient probe gain in parameter regions not previously studied, and provide insight into the transition dynamics between bare and dressed states.

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“…The trajectory taken by the population is also depicted on the sphere shown in figure 3(d). This qutrit representation displays only the real part of the state amplitudes [33,34,35] Other gate operations occur when α = 1. The available gates are confined to rotations in the canonical X-Z plane for the qubit defined across modes |1 and |2 .…”

Section: Controlled-ratio Beamsplittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trajectory taken by the population is also depicted on the sphere shown in figure 3(d). This qutrit representation displays only the real part of the state amplitudes [35][36][37].…”

Section: Controlled-ratio Beamsplittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiabatic two-photon quantum gate operations using a long-range photonic bus

Hope

Nguyen

Mitchell

et al. 2015

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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Adiabatic techniques have much potential to realise practical and robust optical waveguide devices. Traditionally photonic elements are limited to coupling schemes that rely on proximity to nearest neighbour elements. We combine adiabatic passage with a continuum based long-range optical bus to break free from such topological restraints and thereby outline a new approach to photonic quantum gate design. We explicitly show designs for adiabatic quantum gates that produce a Hadamard, 50:50 and 1/3:2/3 beam splitter, and non-deterministic CNOT gate based on planar thin, shallow ridge waveguides. Our calculations are performed under conditions of one and two-photon inputs.

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Stochastic wavefunction diagrams for electromagnetically induced transparency, inversionless gain and shelving

Cited by 4 publications

References 53 publications

Observation of transient gain without population inversion in a laser-cooled rubidiumΛsystem

Observation of transient gain without population inversion in a laser-cooled rubidiumΛsystem

Resonant and off-resonant transients in electromagnetically induced transparency: Turn-on and turn-off dynamics

Adiabatic two-photon quantum gate operations using a long-range photonic bus

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