Stockpile of personal protective equipment in hospital settings: Preparedness for influenza pandemics

Hashikura, Mayuko; Kizu, Junko

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2009.05.002

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In 1 study, it was calculated that 4 sets of PPE (N95 respirators, double gloves, gowns, and goggles) per day are needed for each healthcare worker in the high-risk group, and 2 sets of PPE are required for medium-and low-risk groups. 20 Another implication for the increased use of PPE is the generation of medical waste, which we did not address in this study. In 1 simulation exercise, an additional 570 L of waste was generated per day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Infection control influence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: A hospital-based analysis

Al‐Tawfiq

Abdrabalnabi

Taher

et al. 2019

American Journal of Infection Control

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Background: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) caused multiple outbreaks. Such outbreaks increase economic and infection control burdens. We studied the infection control influence of MERS-CoV using a hospital-based analysis. Methods: Our hospital had 17 positive and 82 negative cases of MERS-CoV between April 1, 2013, and June 3, 2013. The study evaluated the impact of these cases on the use of gloves, surgical masks, N95 respirators, alcohol-based hand sanitizer, and soap, as well as hand hygiene compliance rates. Results: During the study, the use of personal protective equipment during MERS-CoV compared with the period before MERS-CoV increased dramatically from 2,947.4 to 10,283.9 per 1,000 patient-days (P < .0000001) for surgical masks and from 22 to 232 per 1,000 patient-days (P < .0000001) for N95 masks. The use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer and soap showed a significant increase in utilized amount (P < .0000001). Hand hygiene compliance rates increased from 73% just before the occurrence of the first MERS case to 88% during MERS cases (P = .0001). The monthly added cost was $16,400 for included infection control items. Conclusions: There was a significant increase in the utilization of surgical masks, respirators, soap and alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Such an increase is a challenge and adds cost to the healthcare system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Infection control influence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: A hospital-based analysis

Al‐Tawfiq

Abdrabalnabi

Taher

et al. 2019

American Journal of Infection Control

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“…Once a pandemic occurs, regular stocks of personal protective equipment (PPE) will be rapidly depleted and, in principle, each hospital should take responsibility for stockpile levels 14 . The pre‐exposure use of antiviral drugs 32 could reasonably be a part of the PPE armoury, as modelling shows that prophylactic use does not impede the ability to contain influenza outbreaks when used post‐exposure 32 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The provision and correct use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, gowns, masks and face shields may be an effective measure to reduce transmission 13 . However, once a pandemic occurs, regular stocks of PPE will be rapidly depleted and it will be the responsibility of each hospital to calculate its requirements and stockpile required amounts of PPE 14 . Hence, this is a potential weakness in the current pandemic plans for healthcare workers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospital capacity and management preparedness for pandemic influenza in Victoria

Dewar

Barr

Robinson

2014

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Objective: This study was designed to investigate acute hospital pandemic influenza preparedness in Victoria, Australia, particularly focussing on planning and management efforts. Methods:A prospective study was conducted by questionnaire and semi-structured interview of health managers across the Victorian hospital system from July to October 2011. Participants with responsibility for emergency management, planning and operations were selected from every hospital in Victoria with an emergency department to complete a questionnaire (response rate 22/43 = 51%). Each respondent was invited to participate in a phone-based semi-structured interview (response rate 11/22 = 50%).Results: Rural/regional hospitals demonstrated higher levels of clinical (86%) and non-clinical (86%) staff contingency planning than metropolitan hospitals (60% and 40% respectively). Pandemic plans were not being sufficiently tested in exercises or drills, which is likely to undermine their effectiveness. All respondents reported hand hygiene and standard precautions programs in place, although only one-third (33%) of metropolitan respondents and no rural/regional respondents reported being able to meet patient needs with high levels of staff absenteeism. Almost half Victoria's healthcare workers were unvaccinated against influenza. Conclusions and implications:Hospitals across Victoria demonstrated different levels of influenza pandemic preparedness and planning. If a more severe influenza pandemic than that of 2009 arose, Victorian hospitals would struggle with workforce and infrastructure problems, particularly in rural/regional areas. Staff absenteeism threatens to undermine hospital pandemic responses. Various strategies, including education and communication, should be included with in-service training to provide staff with confidence in their ability to work safely during a future pandemic.

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“…There are several reports of hospitals caring for influenza and SARS patients with few or no reports of ill staff. 125 This low level of or lack of transmission may be related to strict infection control measures, 20, 126 though some hospitals admitted to variable use of these measures. 125 Similarly, higher numbers of ill staff have been reported in hospitals with variable use of infection control measures 123, 127 but also in hospitals compliant with recommended precautions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20, 45, 56, 61, 75–76, 95, 98, 107, 109, 123, 137–140 There are, however, varying recommendations on the stockpile that hospitals should have on hand: 48 hours (in the context of planning for bioterrorism), 75 three to seven days, 56 three weeks, 59 eight weeks. 87, 126 Recommendations vary according to the pathogen studied and cost and storage considerations. Hashikura and Kizu developed a PPE calculation system to help hospitals decide on the size of their PPE stockpile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pandemic Influenza

Manuell

Ellison

2011

J Intensive Care Med

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In a five week span during the 1918 influenza A pandemic, more than 2,000 patients were admitted to Cook County Hospital in Chicago with a diagnosis of either influenza or pneumonia; 642 patients, approximately 31% of those admitted, died with deaths occurring predominantly in patients twenty-five to thirty years of age.1 This review summarizes basic information on the biology, epidemiology, control, treatment and prevention of influenza overall, and then addresses the potential impact of pandemic influenza in an Intensive Care Unit setting. Issues that require consideration include workforce staffing and safety, resource management, alternate sites of care surge of patients, altered standards of care and crisis communication.

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Stockpile of personal protective equipment in hospital settings: Preparedness for influenza pandemics

Abstract: Purchasing a PPE stockpile requires a sizable budget. The PPE calculation system in this paper will hopefully support hospitals in deciding their PPE stockpile.

Cited by 39 publications

References 5 publications

Infection control influence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: A hospital-based analysis

Infection control influence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: A hospital-based analysis

Hospital capacity and management preparedness for pandemic influenza in Victoria

Pandemic Influenza

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