Stokes Vector Single-ended Direct Detection Using a 3×3 Coupler Hybrid

Abstract

Abstract-We propose a scheme to implement the Stokes vector single-ended direct detection (SV-DD) using a 3×3 coupler hybrid. A 112-Gb/s single-polarization modulated 16-QAM signal is successfully received after 240-km SSMF transmission. SV-DD using 3x3 couplers may provide a more cost-effective and more power-efficient solution to achieve 100G short-reach transmission with high spectral efficiency and low system complexity.