Stomach function in relation to a scour syndrome in the piglet

Abstract

I . Piglets were left to suckle their dam for about z days after birth to obtain colostrum and were then divided into four groups. One group was left with the sow, the second was given a standard liquid diet based on cow's milk, the third the standard diet with lactic acid added to give a pH of 4.8, and the fourth the standard diet with the casein content increased by 50 yo.Stomach samples were removed at intervals by stomach tube for pH measurements and bacteriological investigations. The tube was used immediately to give barium sulphate for radiographic examinations and was then withdrawn. Comparisons were made between treatments and between scouring and non-scouring piglets.2. A diarrhoeic (scour) syndrome frequently developed ; this was always preceded by diminishing gastric activity leading to gastric stasis. When spontaneous recovery occurred, there was a return of gastric function before recovery from scours and before the resumption of normal weight gain.3. The incidence, duration and severity of the scour syndrome was less in piglets left on the sow; these differences could not be ascribed to the effect of colostrum. Piglets receiving the lactic acid milk diet had an average gastric pH of I unit less than the other piglets. Although the severity of scour and loss of clinical condition was less in the piglets given lactic acid milk the duration of reduced stomach motility was the same as in the other artificially fed piglets. 4.No obvious correlation was shown between the scour syndrome and the bacterial flora of the stomach or the intestines. The gastro-intestinal tracts of the piglets given lactic acid milk contained fewer bacteria than those of the piglets on the other diets.5. Gross between-treatment differences at post-mortem were evident only in the stomach.6. The spontaneous scour syndrome observed under the conditions of these experiments appeared not to be of bacterial origin but to be associated with a physiological malfunction of the stomach.

Dietary manipulation post weaning to improve piglet performance and gastro-intestinal health

“…A possible reduction in gastric pH as a result of lactic acid supplementation during this time may have had bactericidal effects against pathogenic bacteria by producing a more favourable environment for lactobacilli (Fuller, 1977) thus resulting in the improved performance observed. Although lactic acid has been shown to reduce the incidence of scours (White et al, 1969;Tsiloyiannis et al, 2001) its inclusion in the current experiment caused a reduction, albeit not significant in faecal dry matter (P > 0·05).…”

“…Lactic acid has been shown to reduce the incidence of scours (White et al, 1969) and when supplied via water is reported to improve growth and food efficiency of weaner pigs (Kershaw et al, 1966). These effects may be due to a reduction in gastric pH and intestinal E. coli populations as a result of lactic acid supplementation (Jensen, 1998).…”

Problems of nutrition and management of early-weaned piglets

“…Other workers (White, Wenham, Sharman, Jones, Rattray and McDonald, 1969) have obtained similar timings for gut movements in normal pigs, but have also shown that scour was always preceded by diminishing gastric activity leading to gastric stasis. Milk has been shown to clot 15 to 30 min after ingestion .…”

The impact of feed additives on the microbial ecology of the gut in young pigs

“…White et al (1969) were able to reduce gastric pH by 1 unit using a milk-based liquid diet acidified to pH 4.8 with lactic acid. A corresponding reduction in haemolytic coliform bacteria and in duration of scour were observed.…”