Stomata of apple leaves cultured in vitro

Blanke, Michael; Belcher, A. R.

doi:10.1007/bf00037780

Cited by 58 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…3). Similar results have been reported from micropropagated apple (Blanke & Belcher 1989), rose (capellades et al 1990), and Delphinium (Santamaria et al 1993. nevertheless, in other species, such as plum, micropropagated plants showed fewer stomata per unit area than acclimatised plants (Brainerd et al 1981).…”

Section: Stomatal Densitysupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Although significant differences in the morphology of the kiwifruit leaf stomata from explants subjected to different B a treatments during the multiplication phase were not observed, the differences became evident when we compared the stomata developed in vitro and those appearing in acclimatised leaves, as has been reported previously (Marín et al 1988;Blanke & Belcher 1989;Hazarika 2006). Table 1 shows both transverse and longitudinal axes and size of the ellipses formed by the exterior of the guard cells in leaves from explants treated with Ba during their in vitro culture at the end of the different micropropagation stages (multiplication, rooting, and acclimatisation).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Stomata of in vitro plants generally have a circular shape and are permanently open (Wetzstein & Sommer 1983;Blanke & Belcher 1989;Zacchini et al 1997) as a result of stomatal collapse, probably caused by the high relative humidity inside the culture recipient (Brainerd &Fuchigami 1982;Wardle & Short 1988), besides the appearance of morphological (Wetzstein & Sommer 1983;Conner & Conner 1984;Donelly & Vidaver 1984;lee et al 1985;reuther 1988;Blanke & Belcher 1989;capellades et al 1990) and/or physiological anomalies during their in vitro culture (ziv et al 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Actinidia deliciosaleaf stomatal characteristics in relation to benzyladenine incubation periods in micropropagated expiants

Moncalean¹,

Fernández

Rodrı́guez

2007

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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Size, density, and stomata opening value in leaves of Actinidia deliciosa shoots cultured in three benzyladenine (BA) concentrations (4.4, 44, and 440 µM) during different incubation periods at the end of the multiplication, rooting, and acclimatisation phases were measured. A follow-up of the morphology of both adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaves was also performed. The presence or absence of 4.4 µm BA in the culture medium did not affect stomatal size during the multiplication phase, though the increase of the BA incubation period from 30 min to 4h did induce an increment in the stomata transversal axis size. The application of BA (4.4 µM), regardless of the incubation period, increased stomatal density at the end of the multiplication phase. When the concentration of BA was increased in the culture medium during the multiplication phase, a decrease in the stomatal opening took place at the end of the acclimatisation phase.

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Section: Stomatal Densitysupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Actinidia deliciosaleaf stomatal characteristics in relation to benzyladenine incubation periods in micropropagated expiants

Moncalean¹,

Fernández

Rodrı́guez

2007

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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“…Estômatos levemente projetados e abertos como os observados nas folhas das plantas cultivadas in vitro, também ocorreram em outras espécies cultivadas in vitro (Donnely & Vidaver 1984;Wetzstein & Sommer, 1983;Lee et al 1988;Blanke & Belecher 1989). Quanto ao retorno dos estômatos para a posição abaixo das células epidérmicas, o que é característico de ambientes com menor grau de umidade, Johansson et al (1992) verificaram a mesma alteração em plantas de rosa cultivadas in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Anatomia comparada das folhas e raízes de Cymbidium Hort. (Orchidaceae) cultivadas ex vitro e in vitro

et al. 2008

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RESUMO -(Anatomia comparada das folhas e raízes de Cymbidium Hort. (Orchidaceae) cultivadas ex vitro e in vitro). Na fase de cultivo in vitro, as plantas são mantidas em ambiente com alta umidade relativa do ar, baixa luminosidade e trocas gasosas restritas, o que resulta em taxa de transpiração reduzida. Portanto, quando essas mudas são expostas ao meio ex vitro, sofrem estresse que pode causar a morte. O objetivo desse trabalho foi comparar a estrutura anatômica das mudas de Cymbidium 'Joy Polis' cultivadas ex vitro (planta matriz e aclimatizada) e in vitro e verificar se a estrutura anatômica das plantas in vitro influencia no processo de aclimatização. As plantas ex vitro foram mantidas em casa-de-vegetação, em vasos individuais com o substrato fibra de coco em pó combinada com fibra de coco, e as plantas in vitro foram mantidas em meio de cultura MS. Para a análise anatômica qualitativa foram coletadas amostras de folhas e raízes de plantas ex vitro e in vitro. As plantas aclimatizadas apresentaram estrutura morfoanatômica semelhante à da planta matriz. A estrutura anatômica das plantas in vitro não influenciou a sobrevivência das mudas durante a aclimatização devido à plasticidade fenotipica desse cultivar. As plantas de Cymbidium 'Joy Polis' possuem grande capacidade de aclimatização ao ambiente, sendo provavelmente este um dos fatores responsáveis pela sobrevivência de 100% das mudas. Palavras-chave: orquídea, cultura in vitro, morfologia, aclimatizaçãoABSTRACT -(Comparative leaf and root anatomy of ex vitro and in vitro cultured Cymbidium Hort. plants). During in vitro culture plants are kept in an atmosphere with high relative humidity, low light intensity and reduced gas exchange, resulting in low transpiration rates. Therefore, when these plants are exposed to ex vitro conditions, they suffer stress, which can induce mortality. The purpose of this study was to compare the anatomical structure of Cymbidium 'Joy Polis' plants from ex vitro (mother plant and acclimatized plants) and in vitro cultures and to verify if the anatomical structure of in vitro cultured plants affects acclimatization. The ex vitro plants were kept in a greenhouse in pots containing a mixture of coconut-fiber powder and coconut fiber. The in vitro plants were kept in MS culture medium. For the qualitative anatomical analysis, samples of leaves and roots were collected from ex vitro and in vitro plants. The acclimatized plants presented morphological and anatomical structure similar to the mother plant. The anatomical structure of in vitro plants did not affect plant survival during the acclimatization process, as this cultivar has great phenotypic plasticity. Cymbidium 'Joy Polis' plants have high capacity of adaptation to the environment and this characteristic is likely to be responsible for their survival rate of 100% during acclimatization.

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“…This results from excessive transpiration from leaves, stomata and cuticle, or from inadequate uptake of water from roots. Various authors have related water loss to abnormal stomata (Donnelly et al, 1985;Blanke and Belcher, 1989;Santamaria et al, 1993). Others related this water loss to reduced thickness and/or anomalous structure of the cuticle (Dhawan and Bhojwani, 1987;Capellades et al, 1990;Diettrich et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Loss and Morphological Modifications in Leaves During Acclimatization of Cork Oak Micropropagated Plantlets

Romano¹,

Martins-Loução²

2003

Acta Hortic.

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This study characterises some aspects of foliar anatomy of cork oak micropropagated plantlets, and rates of water loss by different types of leaves during the acclimatization period. Water loss from leaves of in vitro cultured plantlets was much higher than that of acclimatized plants or seedlings. Leaves from in vitro plantlets lost 53% of their water within the first 30 min under water stress conditions, while leaves from acclimatized plants lost 14%. Leaves of in vitro grown plants presented open stomata and collapsed guard cells, while acclimatized leaves presented closed stomata. Shade-leaf structure was observed in transverse sections of in vitro leaves, with large intercellular air spaces and a low mesophyll cell density, but with a differentiated palisade cell layer. Leaves from acclimatized plants showed a sun-leaf structure with small intercellular air spaces, high cell density and two or three palisade cell layers. During acclimatization leaf thickness increased, as well as cell compactness and differentiation. Stomatal density, stomatal aperture and guard cell protuberance decreased during the acclimatization period, while trichome density increased.

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Stomata of apple leaves cultured in vitro

Cited by 58 publications

References 8 publications

Actinidia deliciosaleaf stomatal characteristics in relation to benzyladenine incubation periods in micropropagated expiants

Actinidia deliciosaleaf stomatal characteristics in relation to benzyladenine incubation periods in micropropagated expiants

Anatomia comparada das folhas e raízes de Cymbidium Hort. (Orchidaceae) cultivadas ex vitro e in vitro

Water Loss and Morphological Modifications in Leaves During Acclimatization of Cork Oak Micropropagated Plantlets

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