Stomata Size and Distribution in Diploid and Polyploid Plants

Sax, Karl; Sax, Hally Jolivette

doi:10.5962/p.185365

Cited by 38 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…We first imaged nuclei in a distinct cell type to make a more direct comparison among genotypes and to avoid cell type-specific differences in nuclear morphology. We focused on guard cells on the abaxial surface of leaves, which are consistently sized and diploid ( Sax and Sax, 1937 ; Tan and Dunn, 1973 ; Jacobs and Yoder, 1989 ). As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nuclear lamina is required for proper development and nuclear shape distortion in tomato

Blunt

Choi

Sussman

et al. 2023

Journal of Experimental Botany

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The nuclear lamina in plant cells is composed of plant-specific proteins, including Nuclear Matrix Constituent Proteins (NMCPs), which have been postulated to be functional analogs of lamin proteins that provide structural integrity to the organelle and helps stabilize the three-dimensional organization of the genome. Using genomic editing, we generated alleles for the three genes encoding NMCPs in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to determine if the consequences of perturbing the nuclear lamina in this crop species were similar or distinct from those observed in the model Arabidopsis thaliana. Loss of the sole NMCP2-class protein was lethal in tomato but is tolerated in Arabidopsis. Moreover, depletion of NMCP1-type nuclear lamina proteins leads to distinct developmental phenotypes in tomato, including leaf morphology defects and reduced root growth rate (in nmcp1b mutants), compared to cognate mutants in Arabidopsis. These findings suggest that the nuclear lamina interfaces with different developmental and signaling pathways in tomato compared to Arabidopsis. At the subcellular level, however, tomato nmcp mutants resembled their Arabidopsis counterparts in displaying smaller and more spherical nuclei in differentiated cells. This result argues that the plant nuclear lamina facilitates nuclear shape distortion in response to forces exerted on the organelle within the cell.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nuclear lamina is required for proper development and nuclear shape distortion in tomato

Blunt

Choi

Sussman

et al. 2023

Journal of Experimental Botany

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“…The relationship between stomatal size and ploidy was reported as early as 1937 [45]. In 1990, Ho reported that the ploidy level of Zea mays L. could be determined by the number of chloroplasts in the guard cells [46].…”

Section: Relationship Between Phenotype and Polyploidymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetraploid Induction with Leaf Morphology and Sunburn Variation in Sorbus pohuashanensis (Hance) Hedl

Zhang

et al. 2023

Forests

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Sorbus pohuashanensis (Hance) Hedl. is an important forestry species valued for its ornamental, medicinal, and ecological properties. Polyploidy breeding is an important method of germplasm innovation; however, polyploidy induction and phenotypic variation caused by chromosome doubling in S. pohuashanensis are poorly understood. In this study, S. pohuashanensis seeds were used to explore the effects of different colchicine concentrations, cold stratification times, and seeds from different sources on polyploidy induction. Ploidy levels of the regenerated plants were determined by flow cytometry. The results showed that the tetraploid induction effect of S. pohuashanensis seeds was significantly affected by colchicine concentration, and the highest tetraploid induction rate of 24.75% was achieved by immersion in 0.2% (w/v) colchicine for 48 h. After 2 years of induction, 77 tetraploid plants were obtained. Compared to diploids, tetraploid plants showed significant variations in plant height, leaf morphology (apical leaflet width, middle leaflet width), and diameter of the middle petiole. The stomatal size and chloroplast number increased with chromosome doubling whereas the stomatal number and density decreased. In addition, significant differences in the percentage of sunburn associated with ploidy changes were observed. This study provides a technique for tetraploid induction of S. pohuashanensis seeds, showing the variation in traits caused by polyploidization and the effect of chromosome doubling on sunburn resistance. Tetraploidy induction provides a new direction for S. pohuashanensis germplasm innovation.

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“…Stomatal density and size. Stomatal density and size on the abaxial surfaces of leaves have been correlated with ploidy in many plant groups (e.g., Beck et al 2003;Padoan et al 2013;Sax and Sax 1937;Tan and Dunn 1973). When patterns are detected, stomatal size is most often positively correlated with ploidy, and stomatal density is negatively correlated.…”

Section: Evolutionary Studies On Cyanococcus After Vander Kloetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the systematics and evolution of Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus (Ericaceae): progress and prospects

Fritsch¹,

Crowl²,

Ashrafi³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The true blueberries (Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus; Ericaceae) comprise a clade of about nine to 24 species distributed mainly in eastern temperate North America, with one species reaching farther west. Despite extensive study, the systematics and evolution of the group are still poorly understood. Limited morphological variation, multiple ploidy levels of uncertain origin, and natural hybridization all contribute to the challenge. Questionable analytical methods, such as the use of phenetics and an overemphasis on crossing experiments, have further impeded progress. Here we review the history of research on the systematics and evolution of V. sect. Cyanococcus with the aim of clarifying and summarizing hypotheses of species origins and diversification, especially in relation to polyploidy. We also present recent progress from our own work and, on that basis, offer promising lines of investigation with morphological and molecular data. We anticipate that these avenues of research will ultimately clarify patterns of natural species diversity in V. sect. Cyanococcus with benefits for biodiversity studies, conservation, and crop breeding.

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Stomata Size and Distribution in Diploid and Polyploid Plants

Cited by 38 publications

References 3 publications

The nuclear lamina is required for proper development and nuclear shape distortion in tomato

The nuclear lamina is required for proper development and nuclear shape distortion in tomato

Tetraploid Induction with Leaf Morphology and Sunburn Variation in Sorbus pohuashanensis (Hance) Hedl

Understanding the systematics and evolution of Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus (Ericaceae): progress and prospects

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