Stomatal Development and Perspectives toward Agricultural Improvement

Endo, Hitoshi; Torii, Keiko U.

doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a034660

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(225 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For most plant species, including Arabidopsis and grasses, the stomatal lineage progresses in much the same way; originating from a set of undifferentiated epidermal cells at the base of the leaf known as protodermal cells (Stebbins and Shah, 1960;Yang et al, 1995;Luo et al, 2012;Pillitteri and Dong, 2013;Raissig et al, 2016;Hepworth et al, 2018;Endo and Torii, 2019). The stomatal lineage is initiated when individual protodermal cells (known in Arabidopsis as meristemoid mother cells, MMCs) gain the capacity to undergo asymmetric cell divisions ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Grasses Have Conserved and Divergent Elements Of Stomatal Momentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These bHLHs are known as SPEECHLESS (SPCH), its close paralogues MUTE and FAMA, and SCREAM (SCRM, also known as ICE1) and SCRM2 (Ohashi-Ito and Bergmann, 2006;MacAlister et al, 2007;Pillitteri et al, 2007;Kanaoka et al, 2008) (Figure 2). The formation of MMCs, asymmetric entry divisions and subsequent meristemoid self-renewal requires the first of these, SPCH (Pillitteri and Dong, 2013;Endo and Torii, 2019). MUTE activity is then required to terminate asymmetric divisions and promote the differentiation of meristemoids into GMCs (Pillitteri et al, 2007).…”

Section: Stomatal Lineage Initiation and Advancement Is Governed By Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pores for Thought: Can Genetic Manipulation of Stomatal Density Protect Future Rice Yields?

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) contributes to the diets of around 3.5 billion people every day and is consumed more than any other plant. Alarmingly, climate predictions suggest that the frequency of severe drought and high-temperature events will increase, and this is set to threaten the global rice supply. In this review, we consider whether water or heat stresses in cropsespecially ricecould be mitigated through alterations to stomata; minute pores on the plant epidermis that permit carbon acquisition and regulate water loss. In the short-term, water loss is controlled via alterations to the degree of stomatal "openness", or, in the longer-term, by altering the number (or density) of stomata that form. A range of molecular components contribute to the regulation of stomatal density, including transcription factors, plasma membrane-associated proteins and intercellular and extracellular signaling molecules. Much of our existing knowledge relating to stomatal development comes from research conducted on the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. However, due to the importance of cereal crops to global food supply, studies on grass stomata have expanded in recent years, with molecular-level discoveries underscoring several divergent developmental and morphological features. Cultivation of rice is particularly water-intensive, and there is interest in developing varieties that require less water yet still maintain grain yields. This could be achieved by manipulating stomatal development; a crop with fewer stomata might be more conservative in its water use and therefore more capable of surviving periods of water stress. However, decreasing stomatal density might restrict the rate of CO 2 uptake and reduce the extent of evaporative cooling, potentially leading to detrimental effects on yields. Thus, the extent to which crop yields in the future climate will be affected by increasing or decreasing stomatal density should be determined. Here, our current understanding of the regulation of stomatal development is summarised, focusing particularly on the genetic mechanisms that have recently been described for rice and other grasses. Application of this knowledge toward the creation of "climate-ready" rice is discussed, with attention drawn to the lesser-studied molecular elements whose contributions to the complexity of grass stomatal development must be understood to advance efforts.

show abstract

Section: Grasses Have Conserved and Divergent Elements Of Stomatal Momentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stomatal Lineage Initiation and Advancement Is Governed By Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pores for Thought: Can Genetic Manipulation of Stomatal Density Protect Future Rice Yields?

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Notably, the MID3 -Ll-0 allele promotes spacing divisions in a dominant manner, in contrast with the ER repressive role. Multiple studies have addressed how ER negatively regulates SPCH abundance to restrict entry divisions (reviewed in Endo and Torii, 2019), but little is known about its involvement in other processes during stomatal developmental. Lineage arrest in er mutants supports the idea that ER is expressed in SLGCs to buffer the inhibitory activity of EPF1 in the neighboring meristemoid (Qi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter are relevant target traits for breeding, whose genetic manipulation through determinants of stomatal development is now pursued. Such manipulations include transgenic approaches and induced mutations that modify stomatal numbers and alter physiological performance (reviewed by Bertolino et al, 2019; Endo and Torii, 2019). However, these studies have shown contrasting effects of stomatal density changes, as higher values do not necessarily correlate with increased stomatal conductance and vice versa (Dittberner et al, 2018; Bertolino et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Genetic Dissection of Natural Variation for Stomatal Abundance Traits in Arabidopsis

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stomatal abundance varies widely across natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana, and presumably affects plant performance because it influences water and CO2 exchange with the atmosphere and thence photosynthesis and transpiration. In order to determine the genetic basis of this natural variation, we have analyzed a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the wild accession Ll-0 and the reference strain Landsberg erecta (Ler), which show low and high stomatal abundance, respectively. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses of stomatal index, stomatal density, and pavement cell density measured in the adaxial cotyledon epidermis, identified five loci. Three of the genomic regions affect all traits and were named MID (Modulator of Cell Index and Density) 1 to 3. MID2 is a large-effect QTL overlapping with ERECTA (ER), the er-1 allele from Ler increasing all trait values. Additional analyses of natural and induced loss-of-function er mutations in different genetic backgrounds revealed that ER dysfunctions have differential and opposite effects on the stomatal index in adaxial and abaxial cotyledon epidermis and confirmed that ER is the gene underlying MID2. Ll-0 alleles at MID1 and MID3 displayed moderate and positive effects on the various traits. Furthermore, detailed developmental studies tracking primary and satellite stomatal lineages show that MID3-Ll-0 allele promotes the spacing divisions that initiate satellite lineages, while the ER allele limits them. Finally, expression analyses suggest that ER and MID3 modulate satellization through partly different regulatory pathways. Our characterization of MID3 indicates that genetic modulation of satellization contributes to the variation for stomatal abundance in natural populations, and subsequently that this trait might be involved in plant adaptation.

show abstract

“…The SLGC, in contrast to the M, has a limited ability to divide and typically differentiates into a non-stomatal pavement cell (PC), which provides protection and structural support for other cell types in the leaf. Stomatal divisions can be responsive to external cues, thus enabling plants to optimize the number and distribution of stomatal pores in response to environmental or developmental changes (Endo and Torii, 2019;Pillitteri and Torii, 2012;Zoulias et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Spatiotemporal Molecular Switch Governs Plant Asymmetric Cell Division

Guo

Park

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryAsymmetric cell division (ACD) often requires protein polarization in the mother cell to produce daughter cells with distinct identities (“cell-fate asymmetry”). Here, we define a previously undocumented mechanism for establishing cell-fate asymmetry in Arabidopsis stomatal stem cells. In particular, we show that polarization of BSL protein phosphatases promotes stomatal ACD by establishing a “kinase-based signaling asymmetry” in the two daughter cells. BSL polarization in the stomatal ACD mother cell is triggered upon commitment to cell division. Polarized BSL is inherited by the differentiating daughter cell where it suppresses cell division and promotes cell-fate determination. Plants lacking BSL exhibit stomatal over-proliferation, demonstrating BSL plays an essential role in stomatal development. Our findings establish that BSL polarization provides a spatiotemporal molecular switch that enables cell-fate asymmetry in stomatal ACD daughter cells. We propose BSL polarization is triggered by an ACD “checkpoint” in the mother cell that monitors establishment of division-plane asymmetry.

show abstract

Stomatal Development and Perspectives toward Agricultural Improvement

Cited by 31 publications

References 131 publications

Pores for Thought: Can Genetic Manipulation of Stomatal Density Protect Future Rice Yields?

Pores for Thought: Can Genetic Manipulation of Stomatal Density Protect Future Rice Yields?

A Genetic Dissection of Natural Variation for Stomatal Abundance Traits in Arabidopsis

A Spatiotemporal Molecular Switch Governs Plant Asymmetric Cell Division

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About