Stone milling versus roller milling: A systematic review of the effects on wheat flour quality, dough rheology, and bread characteristics

Will the COVID-19 pandemic make us reconsider the relevance of short food supply chains and local productions?

“…A potential answer to these questions might be furnished by short food supply chains and local productions, which feel less the effect of international restrictions and which, since their rooted presence in the territory, could be closer to the consumers. For these reasons, after the conclusion of this international crisis, is essential to strengthen the research activities to provide technical solutions aimed to improve short food supply chains and local productions, as we are doing for wheat and flour production chains (Cappelli et al, 2019a, 2020a, because in this crisis (and in potential future menaces even worse) they will represent a potential lifeline. The reinforcement of this local microeconomy is also useful in non-crisis situations, since allow to increase the chances of employment and improve people's quality of life.…”

Understanding whole‐wheat flour and its effect in breads: A review

“…The removal of the outermost layers of the wheat grain by light pearling can also help to reduce the level of mycotoxins, as their concentration is higher in these layers (Spaggiari et al, 2019). There are some studies that observed the influence of the type of milling process on the mycotoxins levels, with contradictory results, as pointed out in the review of Cappelli et al (2020). Some authors state that different milling processes (stone mills versus roller mills) do not modify mycotoxin content (Albergamo et al, 2018), while others reported that stone mills reduce the toxins content in flour, unlike roller mills (Palpacelli, Beco, & Ciani, 2007).…”

Efficacy of Supplemental Irrigation and Nitrogen Management on Enhancing Nitrogen Availability and Urease Activity in Soils with Sorghum Production

“…The concentration of TN in the soil was analyzed using the Elementar ®®® Carbon-Nitrogen-Sulfur (CNS) Analyzer. The water-soluble concentration of ammonium (NH 4 ) and nitrate (NO 3 ) was extracted with deionized distilled water (1:5 soil: DI) and were analyzed following the procedures outlined in ASTM International [19,20] using an Ion Chromatography (IC, Dionex IC-2000, Dionex Corp., Sunnyvale, CA, USA). The concentration of the urease enzyme (UA) in the soil was analyzed following the procedures described by Kandeler and Gerber [25].…”