Stool patterns and symptoms of disordered anorectal function in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases

Petryszyn, Paweł; Paradowski, Leszek

doi:10.17219/acem/68986

Cited by 35 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an IBD that relapses. UC is characterized by weight loss, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding (Petryszyn and Paradowski, 2018). UC affects patients’ quality of life, and UC may lead to colonic cancer if left untreated (Neurath, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safranal Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis and Suppresses Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation

et al. 2019

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Introduction: Crocus sativus (saffron) is widely used in China, Iran, and India for dyeing and as a food additive and medicinal plant. Safranal, as one of the main constituents of saffron, is responsible for its aroma and has been reported to have anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammation properties.Objective: In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Safranal in RAW264.7 cells, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice.Methods: Safranal toxicity was determined using an MTT assay. We evaluated the inhibitory effect of nitric oxide (NO) and levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in RAW264.7 cells and BMDMs. We assessed the inhibitory effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the mRNA expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), classical inflammatory pathways (MAPK and NF-κB), and the nuclear translocation factors AP-1 and NF-κB p65 were investigated. The in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of Safranal were assessed in a DSS-induced colitis model. DSS3.5% was used to induce colitis in mice with or without Safranal for 7 days; weight and disease activity index (DAI) were recorded daily. At the end of the experiment, the colon, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and spleen were collected for flow cytometry, ELISA, and Western blot analysis.Results: Safranal suppressed NO production, iNOS, and COX-2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and BMDMs. Safranal decreased the production and mRNA expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in the RAW264.7 cell line and inhibited the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of components of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Safranal alleviated clinical symptoms in the DSS-induced colitis model, and colon histology showed decreased severity of inflammation, depth of inflammatory involvement, and crypt damage. Immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry showed reduced macrophage infiltration in colonic tissues and macrophage numbers in MLNs and the spleen. The levels of colonic IL-6 and TNF-α also decreased in Safranal-treated colitis mice. This study elucidates the anti-inflammation activity of Safranal, which may be a candidate for inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBD) therapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safranal Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis and Suppresses Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation

et al. 2019

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“…Although the burden and impact of bowel urgency as a symptom of UC have been described in multiple publications, patients with UC may be hesitant to report symptoms such as urgency due to their embarrassing nature and physicians may not ask about all symptoms [ 14 ]. ACG recently updated their clinical guidelines suggesting the inclusion of a measure of bowel urgency when assessing severity of disease activity in clinical practice, citing use of the ACG Activity Index or the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index [ 4 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bowel urgency is a key symptom for triggering clinical consideration of UC diagnosis and defining severity of disease activity in clinical practice [ 4 , 16 ]. Cross-sectional studies report > 80% of patients with UC experience bowel urgency [ 13 – 15 , 17 ], with up to half reporting having bowel urgency at least once a day [ 13 , 14 ]. While the underlying mechanism(s) resulting in bowel urgency in UC is unclear, it has been associated with chronic inflammation, which causes changes in smooth muscle tone, sensitization of intramural and increased contractile responses in the rectum, as well as the development of submucosal fibrosis [ 18 – 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating patient experience into drug development for ulcerative colitis: development of the Urgency Numeric Rating Scale, a patient-reported outcome measure to assess bowel urgency in adults

Dubinsky¹,

Irving

Panaccione

et al. 2022

J Patient Rep Outcomes

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Background Bowel urgency, the sudden or immediate need to have a bowel movement, is a common, bothersome and disruptive symptom of ulcerative colitis (UC). UC treatment goals include control of urgency; however, it is not consistently assessed in UC clinical trials. The Urgency Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) is a new patient-reported measure to assess severity of bowel urgency in adults with UC developed in accordance with Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Methods Qualitative interviews were used to develop Urgency NRS. The scale asks patients to report the immediacy status of their UC symptom over the past 24 h on an 11-point horizontal numeric rating scale [0 (No urgency) to 10 (Worst possible urgency)]. Higher scores indicate worse urgency severity. A 2-week diary study assessed floor and ceiling effects, test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (2,1) between Week 1 and 2), and construct validity (Spearman correlation using Week 1 scores). Weekly scores were calculated as mean score over each 7-day period. Results Qualitative interviews with 16 UC patients (mean age 37.9 ± 11.6 years; 50% female; 56% White) confirmed relevance, content, and comprehensiveness. The 2-week diary study included 41 UC patients (mean age 44.2 ± 14.6 years; 51% female; 56% White). No ceiling or floor effects were identified. Test–retest reliability was high (ICC = 0.877). Average Urgency NRS and patient global rating of severity scores were highly correlated, with a moderate correlation between average Urgency NRS and stool frequency, demonstrating construct validity. Conclusions Bowel urgency is a distinct symptom of UC. The Urgency NRS is a well-defined, content-valid, and reliable measurement of bowel urgency in adults with UC.

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“…32 • Diarrheal diseases (DD): symptom of irritation, Crohn's disease, and other gastrointestinal illnesses linked to inflammation and which often display inflammatory markers. 33 • Incidents of self-harm (SH): Research has found evidence correlating chronic inflammation with extreme depressive states, measured in this case by incidents of self-harm. 5,34 The conditions for a contrast group consist of a common disease whose incidence is not directly increased by preexisting inflammatory levels that is internationally recognized and tracked across the majority of the world.…”

Section: Methodology Test Groupingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Correlations Between Chronic Inflammation and Violent Incidents: Potential Behavioral Consequences of Inflammatory Illnesses Across Socio-Demographic Levels

Castle¹,

Bushell²,

Mills³

et al. 2021

IJGM

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Introduction:This review explores the potential correlation between conditions associated with chronic inflammation and measures of violence across five socioeconomic subgroups. The hypothesis being that since chronic inflammation is associated with increased aggression, an extreme version of which is violence, there should be a correlation between incidents of violence and diseases with one or more inflammatory factors, without an equivalent correlation with the contrast group. An extension of this reasoning would predict a higher correlation among lower socio-demographic index (SDI) populations as a result of fewer resources to prevent either inflammatory disease or violent crime. Methods:In order to examine this potential correlation, an analysis was made comparing rates of change in incidence between violence, inflammatory conditions, and a contrast group disease of noninflammatory nature, as determined by Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: In the low socio-demographic index, inflammatory conditions demonstrated 80% correlation with interpersonal violence, middle-low socio-demographic index inflammatory conditions demonstrated 60% correlation with interpersonal violence, middle sociodemographic index inflammatory conditions demonstrated 0% correlation with interpersonal violence, middle-high socio-demographic index inflammatory conditions demonstrated 60% correlation with interpersonal violence, and high socio-demographic index inflammatory conditions demonstrated 40% correlation with interpersonal violence. Discussion: The majority of socio-demographic groups showed a significant correlation between rates of change in incidence of violence and inflammatory conditions. This correlation was not found with a similar frequency or strength in diseases not causally linked to inflammation. As predicted in the hypothesis, the highest correlations of inflammatory diseases with violence existed in the lower socio-demographic populations, supporting a link between inflammatory levels and incidences of violence.

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Stool patterns and symptoms of disordered anorectal function in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases

Cited by 35 publications

References 15 publications

Safranal Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis and Suppresses Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation

Safranal Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis and Suppresses Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation

Incorporating patient experience into drug development for ulcerative colitis: development of the Urgency Numeric Rating Scale, a patient-reported outcome measure to assess bowel urgency in adults

Global Correlations Between Chronic Inflammation and Violent Incidents: Potential Behavioral Consequences of Inflammatory Illnesses Across Socio-Demographic Levels

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