Storage and internal cycling of nitrogen in relation to seasonal growth of Sitka spruce

Millard, P.; Proe, M. F.

doi:10.1093/treephys/10.1.33

Cited by 127 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Carr. ), it was demonstrated that trees grown at low N conditions remobilised a bigger proportion of N from roots than trees grown at high N conditions [18], affecting nitrogen partitioning.…”

Section: Carbon/nitrogen Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 98%

Carbon and nitrogen winter storage and remobilisation during seasonal flush growth in two-year-old cork oak (Quercus suber L.) saplings

et al. 2004

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-A dual long-term 13 C and 15 N labeling was used to assess the contribution of winter assimilated carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) for the spring growth flush of two-year-old cork oak plants. Changes in concentrations and partitioning of winter assimilated C and N, total C and N, and total-non-structural carbohydrates were followed from January to August in the various plant parts (first year and second year leaves, stem, branches, coarse and fine roots). No loss of winter C and N was observed with time suggesting that winter assimilates are retained within the plant and contribute to storage. A strong mobilisation of C and N was demonstrated from first year leaves and fine roots during the spring growth flush. Leaves from the second year and, to lesser extent, branches acted as sinks for winter C and N. At the beginning of the new leaf growth, a significant decrease in starch concentration occurred in first year leaves. In August, before leaf fall we observed also a mobilisation from first year to second year leaves, of N assimilated after labeling. We conclude that under these experimental conditions, both winter and current C and N were used for the spring growth flush of the cork oak plants. The foliage grown during the previous year was a source of winter and recently assimilated N and a source of C from recent assimilates for the new growth in the spring. Quercus suber / 13C labeling / 15N labeling / remobilisation / carbohydratesRésumé -Mise en réserve hivernale du carbone et de l'azote et remobilisation lors de la croissance saisonnière de chênes-lièges (Quercus suber L.) âgés de deux ans. Un double marquage 13 C et 15 N à long terme a été réalisé afin d'évaluer la contribution du carbone (C) et de l'azote (N) assimilés durant l'hiver, à la croissance printanière de chênes-lièges âgés de deux ans. Les évolutions concomitantes des concentrations et de la répartition du C, du N, ainsi que la concentration en glucides totaux non structuraux, ont été suivies de janvier à août dans les différents organes (feuilles préexistantes et printanières, tige principale, rameaux axillaires, grosses et fine racines) des jeunes arbres. Le C et le N assimilés durant l'hiver ne sont pas perdus par les plants. Une forte mobilisation de C et de N est observée au printemps, pendant la période de croissance aérienne, au niveau des feuilles préexistantes et des racines fines. Les feuilles développées au printemps et, dans une moindre mesure les rameaux axillaires, importent le C et le N assimilés durant l'hiver. Lorsque la croissance des nouvelles feuilles démarre, une diminution significative de la concentration en amidon est observée dans les feuilles préexistantes. En août, lors de leur sénescence, une exportation d'azote nouvellement assimilé est aussi observée au niveau des feuilles préexistantes. Nous concluons que, dans nos conditions expérimentales, il existe une coopération entre le C et le N assimilés en hiver et au printemps pour assurer la croissance printanière des plants de chêne-liège. Il est démontré en out...

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Section: Carbon/nitrogen Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 98%

Carbon and nitrogen winter storage and remobilisation during seasonal flush growth in two-year-old cork oak (Quercus suber L.) saplings

et al. 2004

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“…In contrast to deciduous trees, carbohydrate stores remain relatively constant in evergreen species throughout winter Höll 1991, 1992), whereas lipids may accumulate (Sudachkova et al 2004). A remobilization of N from older shoots (Salifu and Timmer 2003) or the needles from the previous year (Millard and Proe 1992) provides the N necessary for the growth of newly formed tissues. Fluctuations of N reserves in evergreen species have not been well studied for the rest of the year but appear to be less variable than those of C reserves (Millard and Grelet 2010).…”

Section: The Phenology Of Carbon and Nitrogen Reservesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperate and boreal forest tree phenology: from organ-scale processes to terrestrial ecosystem models

Delpierre

Vitasse

Chuine

et al. 2016

Annals of Forest Science

234

192

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Abstract& Key message We demonstrate that, beyond leaf phenology, the phenological cycles of wood and fine roots present clear responses to environmental drivers in temperate and boreal trees. These drivers should be included in terrestrial ecosystem models. & Context In temperate and boreal trees, a dormancy period prevents organ development during adverse climatic conditions. Whereas the phenology of leaves and flowers has received considerable attention, to date, little is known regarding the phenology of other tree organs such as wood, fine roots, fruits, and reserve compounds. & Aims Here, we review both the role of environmental drivers in determining the phenology of tree organs and the models used to predict the phenology of tree organs in temperate and boreal forest trees. & Results Temperature is a key driver of the resumption of tree activity in spring, although its specific effects vary among organs. There is no such clear dominant environmental cue involved in the cessation of tree activity in autumn and in the onset of dormancy, but temperature, photoperiod, and water stress appear as prominent factors. The phenology of a given organ is, to a certain extent, influenced by processes in distant organs. & Conclusion Inferring past trends and predicting future trends of tree phenology in a changing climate requires specific phenological models developed for each organ to consider the phenological cycle as an ensemble in which the environmental cues that trigger each phase are also indirectly involved in the subsequent phases. Incorporating such models into terrestrial ecosystem models (TEMs) would likely improve the accuracy of their predictions. The extent to which the coordination of the phenologies of tree organs will be affected in a changing climate deserves further research.

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“…A seasonal course of N contents similar to that in beech roots has previously been observed in above-ground parts of beech and spruce trees, with maximum N transport in xylem (Glavac & Jochheim, 1993 ;Dambrine et al, 1995 ;Schneider et al, 1996) and phloem immediately before and during bud break. The N supply of newly developing tissues of trees during spring can at least partly be met by remobilization of internal N sources from storage tissues (Millard & Proe, 1992 ;Millard, 1994). During this period of time N uptake by roots seems to be of minor significance (Millard, 1996 ;Geßler et al, 1997).…”

Section: Differences In Tsnn Contents In Beech and Spruce In Spring Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble N compounds in trees exposed to high loads of N: a comparison between the roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees grown under field conditions

et al. 1998

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During the growing session of 1995, the total soluble non‐protein nitrogen (TSNN) composition and contents of mycorrhizal fine roots, xylem sap and phloem exudates of roots from a coniferous (Picea abies L.(Karst)) and a deciduous (Fagus sylvatica L.) tree species were analysed at a field site (‘Höglwald’, Germany) exposed to high loads of N. In April, TSNN in fine roots of spruce and beech trees amounted to 16 μmol N g−1 f. wt and 23·3 μmol N g−1 f. wt, respectively. It decreased to 9·2 μmol N g−1 f. wt and 18·1 μmol N g−1 f. wt, respectively, after bud break in June. The seasonal maximum of TSNN in fine roots of spruce was observed in July (32·7 μmol N g−1 f. wt) followed by a decline of c. 30% until the end of the growing season in September. TSNN in fine roots of beech trees showed a further decline between June and July, when its seasonal minimum was determined (15·6 μmol N g−1 f. wt), and increased to c. 29 μmol N g−1 f. wt until September. In spruce roots Gln and Arg were the most abundant TSNN compounds during the entire growing season. In roots of beech Asn played an important role alongside Gln and Arg, especially in April, when it was the most abundant TSNN compound. Other proteinogenic and non‐proteinogenic N compounds comprised c. 20–30% of TSNN. Nitrate made up <1%, and ammonium <7% of TSNN in the fine roots of both species. In April, TSNN in the xylem sap of roots of spruce and beech trees amounted to 3·4 and 8·6 μmol N ml−1, respectively. In roots of spruce trees xylem sap TSNN increased after bud break up to 12·7 μmol N ml−1 in July. At the end of the growing season TSNN had declined again to 3·9 μmol N ml−1. TSNN in the root xylem sap of beech trees decreased after bud break until July (2·4 μmol N ml−1 in July) followed by a slight increase until September (2·9 μmol N ml−1). Arg, Gln and Asp were the most abundant TSNN compounds in the xylem sap of spruce trees contributing together c. 90% to TSNN. The same TSNN compounds prevailed in the root xylem sap of beech trees in April and July, whereas in June and September Asp was replaced by Asn comprising 57% of TSNN in June. In addition to the N compounds mentioned above, a number of other proteinogenic and non‐proteinogenic amino compounds were found in root xylem sap of both species. In either species, nitrate and ammonium were present in small amounts, contributing <1% and <4% to TSNN, respectively. Apparently, inorganic N taken up by the mycorrhizal roots is mainly assimilated in root tissues or by the mycorrhiza and N uptake by the roots is largely adapted to the assimilatory capacity of this organ. In phloem exudates of spruce roots, TSNN amounted to 10·7 μmol N g−1 f. wt in April, increased in June to 23·4 μmol N g−1 f. wt and decreased again until September to a seasonal minimum of 4·8 μmol N g−1 f. wt. In contrast to spruce, TSNN content in phloem exudates of beech roots showed a seasonal maximum (c. 20 μmol N g−1 f. wt) in April with a subsequent decrease in June after bud break (c. 2 μmol N g−1 f. wt). A fourfold increase in July was foll...

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Storage and internal cycling of nitrogen in relation to seasonal growth of Sitka spruce

Cited by 127 publications

References 22 publications

Carbon and nitrogen winter storage and remobilisation during seasonal flush growth in two-year-old cork oak (Quercus suber L.) saplings

Carbon and nitrogen winter storage and remobilisation during seasonal flush growth in two-year-old cork oak (Quercus suber L.) saplings

Temperate and boreal forest tree phenology: from organ-scale processes to terrestrial ecosystem models

Soluble N compounds in trees exposed to high loads of N: a comparison between the roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees grown under field conditions

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