Storage, Clarification and Chemical Treatment

Brandt, Malcolm J.; Johnson, K. Michael; Elphinston, Andrew J.; Ratnayaka, Don D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100025-0.00008-9

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The aluminum-based coagulants include aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, sodium aluminate, and PAC [ 46 ]. The iron-based coagulants include ferric chloride, ferric chloride sulfate, ferric sulfate, and ferrous sulfate [ 47 ]. The other inorganic coagulant compounds include magnesium carbonate and lime hydrate [ 47 ].…”

Section: Conventional Process Using Coagulants and Flocculantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The iron-based coagulants include ferric chloride, ferric chloride sulfate, ferric sulfate, and ferrous sulfate [ 47 ]. The other inorganic coagulant compounds include magnesium carbonate and lime hydrate [ 47 ]. Organic coagulants and flocculants (known as biocoagulants/bioflocculants) are usually water-soluble polymers (polyelectrolytes) originated from various natural macromolecule compounds, including polyamines, polydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride, dimethylamine, and polyacrylamides (PAMs) [ 48 ].…”

Section: Conventional Process Using Coagulants and Flocculantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iron-based coagulants seem to have a lower sludge yield compared with aluminum-based coagulants. Despite their effectivity, the former are relatively more corrosive to piping materials [ 47 ]. The utilization of these compounds creates a lowering condition regarding the pH of the effluent and produces acidic sludge that contains iron metal.…”

Section: Environmental and Health Impacts Of Chemical Coagulants/fmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Challenges and Opportunities of Biocoagulant/Bioflocculant Application for Drinking Water and Wastewater Treatment and Its Potential for Sludge Recovery

Kurniawan

Abdullah

Imron

et al. 2020

IJERPH

194

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The utilization of metal-based conventional coagulants/flocculants to remove suspended solids from drinking water and wastewater is currently leading to new concerns. Alarming issues related to the prolonged effects on human health and further pollution to aquatic environments from the generated nonbiodegradable sludge are becoming trending topics. The utilization of biocoagulants/bioflocculants does not produce chemical residue in the effluent and creates nonharmful, biodegradable sludge. The conventional coagulation–flocculation processes in drinking water and wastewater treatment, including the health and environmental issues related to the utilization of metal-based coagulants/flocculants during the processes, are discussed in this paper. As a counterpoint, the development of biocoagulants/bioflocculants for drinking water and wastewater treatment is intensively reviewed. The characterization, origin, potential sources, and application of this green technology are critically reviewed. This review paper also provides a thorough discussion on the challenges and opportunities regarding the further utilization and application of biocoagulants/bioflocculants in water and wastewater treatment, including the importance of the selection of raw materials, the simplification of extraction processes, the application to different water and wastewater characteristics, the scaling up of this technology to a real industrial scale, and also the potential for sludge recovery by utilizing biocoagulants/bioflocculants in water/wastewater treatment.

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Section: Conventional Process Using Coagulants and Flocculantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conventional Process Using Coagulants and Flocculantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental and Health Impacts Of Chemical Coagulants/fmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Challenges and Opportunities of Biocoagulant/Bioflocculant Application for Drinking Water and Wastewater Treatment and Its Potential for Sludge Recovery

Kurniawan

Abdullah

Imron

et al. 2020

IJERPH

194

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In such cases, it is recommended to determine the sedimentation rate experimentally [17]. To dimension the sedimentation tanks, the following values are crucial [47]: The dimensions of sedimentation tanks are usually the result of economic considerations. The determination of a suitable surface overflow rate is based on various criteria (e.g., Freud's density criterion), which depends on other properties of the separated sludge [48].…”

Section: Primary Sedimentation Tankmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Check-List Strategy to Evaluate the Potential of Operational Improvements in Wastewater Treatment Plants

et al. 2020

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With increasing demands for cleaning and purification of water, wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) require their most efficient operation. The operators are thus obliged to constantly review the efficiency of the processing units and technological equipment of WWTPs and seek opportunities for improvements. To increase the efficiency of particular equipment, the important parameters to be used for the intensification must be correctly selected. A common WWTP consists of different types of processing units, where the basic parameters can be changed to achieve the highest efficiency (i.e., maximum output with minimum energy consumption) in the WWTP. However, due to many possible technologies in the wastewater treatment process, the combinations of processing units can be complex. In such cases, the efficiency assessment can be misleading if only basic parameters were accessed. Moreover, single-unit intensification can potentially improve the efficiency of the unit itself but cannot guarantee full process improvement. This can be due to negative causal effects in the downstream due to that unit intensification. This work reviews of key parameters at five selected pieces of WWTP equipment (inlet pump station, airlift pump, primary sedimentation tank, aeration chamber, and mixing of anaerobic digester) to demonstrate the correct selection of all affected parameters for the efficiency assessment. In the context of the whole WWTP process, it is necessary to take into account several other parameters to evaluate the efficiency of the equipment. Finally, a methodology for assessing the significance of the identified parameters is proposed. This methodology is effectively applied and demonstrated in the WWTP case study.

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“…These are often available in solid (block, kibbled or ground) and liquid form. The water of crystallization coefficient (x) in the solid alum ranges from 14-21 containing 14-18% w/w Al 2 O 3 or 7.5-9% Al, while the liquid form contains 8% w/w Al 2 O 3 or 4.2% Al [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ion exchange dialysis process variables on aluminium permeation using response surface methodology

Asante-Sackey

Rathilal

Pillay

et al. 2019

Environmental Engineering Research

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This study investigated aluminum permeation using a counter flow ion exchange dialysis (IED) system. The optimum conditions for permeation were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Effect of four factors- feed concentration (100-2,000 ppm, A), feed flow rate (25-85%, B), sweep concentration (0.25-1 N HCl, C) and sweep flow rate (25-85%, D) were studied using face centered central composite (FC-CCD) statistical experimental design. A RSM model was developed based on the experimental permeation data and the response plot was developed. The FC-CCD model predicted permeation correlated with the experimental data. The regression coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) was found to be 0.9568. The experiment showed the ascending order of the effect of the variables is D < B < C < A. In a counter flow IED for Al permeation, the sweep flow rate is insignificant (p > 0.05). Experimental validation demonstrated for target permeation of 70% was 68.8% ± 2.22%. This suggested that the RSM was a suitable tool in optimizing Al-permeation.

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Storage, Clarification and Chemical Treatment

Cited by 28 publications

References 11 publications

Challenges and Opportunities of Biocoagulant/Bioflocculant Application for Drinking Water and Wastewater Treatment and Its Potential for Sludge Recovery

Challenges and Opportunities of Biocoagulant/Bioflocculant Application for Drinking Water and Wastewater Treatment and Its Potential for Sludge Recovery

A Novel Check-List Strategy to Evaluate the Potential of Operational Improvements in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Effect of ion exchange dialysis process variables on aluminium permeation using response surface methodology

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