Storage of Hydrogen in Activated Carbons and Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract

Activated carbons and carbon nanotube were synthesized with chemical and microwave processes of olive leaf in media with and without ultrasonic waves, and chemical vapor deposition method, respectively. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, calorimetry, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller method, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray, and zetasizer nano S90 instruments. The activated carbon synthesized in the ultrasonic bath had a higher surface area. The hydrogen adsorption capacity of carbon structures including activated carbons and carbon nanotube was measured as a function of pressure at 77 K. The hydrogen storage capacity of the carbon nanotube is 300% and 265% higher than the hydrogen storage capacity of activated carbons synthesized in medium without and with ultrasonic waves, respectively. Results showed the correlation between hydrogen storage capacity and specific surface area. The highest H2 storage value was obtained with carbon nanotube at 77 K. As a result, activated carbon and carbon nanotube can be used in hydrogen storage and therefore, the olive leaf can be converted into a high added value product in the energy field.

Characterization, Processing, and Application of Heavy Fuel Oil Ash, an Industrial Waste Material – A Review

“…Considering the various applications of the AC, producing a cost-effective AC from industrial waste or organic waste as a source material is being actively considered by the scientific community. Several organic waste materials, such as peanut and coconut shell, [62] fruit stone and nutshell (almond, hazelnut, walnut shell, and apricot stone), [63] date palm leaves, [64] shells of lentil, wheat, and rice, [65] Albizia procera leaves, [66] orange and banana peel, [67] citrus fruits, [68] tal palm leaves, [69] mango peel, [70] garlic peel, [71] potato peel, [72] cucumber peel, [73] rice husk, [74] rice straw, [75] jute sticks and leaves, [76] sugarcane bagasse, [77] willow tree legs, [78] aloe vera green waste, [79] olive leaf, [80] jute sticks, [81] bamboo waste, [82] and other waste materials have been utilized for the generation of cheap AC for the removal of various environmental pollutants. The porous structure of AC from different source materials is shown in Figure 9.…”

“…a) Adapted with permission under the terms of the CC-BY 4.0 license. [80] Copyright 2017, The Authors. b) Adapted with permission under the terms of the CC-BY 4.0 license.…”

“… Scanning electron microscope images of activated carbon from a) olive leaf, b) banana leaf, c) bamboo waste, d) aloe vera green waste, e) jute sticks, and f) willow tree legs. a) Adapted with permission under the terms of the CC‐ BY 4.0 license [80] . Copyright 2017, The Authors.…”

An Overview of the Recent Progress in Modifications of Carbon Nanotubes for Hydrogen Adsorption

“…The hydrogen storage capacity of CNTs predicted by different models is different, so it is necessary to study the adsorption mechanism of CNTs. At present, it is widely believed that similar to A m B n hydrogen storage alloys, the hydrogen adsorption in CNTs is the sum of irreversible chemisorption with high adsorption heat and reversible physisorption with low adsorption heat, which determines the fast kinetics and reversibility of hydrogen adsorption in CNTs [12,33,50,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65]. The strongest proof of chemisorption in carbon nanotubes is the requirement of high temperature to completely remove hydrogen from hydrogenated CNTs [55].…”

Hydrogen Production and Its Storage from Solar Energy

“…In parallel with the increasing population and urbanization in the 21st century, the energy need of the globe has rapidly increased [1]. In line with this determination, it is stated that the energy demand will increase by 53% from 2008 to 2035 [2].…”