Storage of starch and lipids in microalgae: Biosynthesis and manipulation by nutrients

Ran, Wenyi; Wang, Haitao; Liu, Yinghui; Qi, Man; Qi, Xiao Liang; Yao, Changhong; Zhang, Yongkui; Lan, Xianqiu

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121894

Cited by 132 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…Carbohydrate metabolism is the most important pathway in microalgae for carbon storage and starch production. Knocking down the starch metabolism pathway may result in the carbon flow towards lipid synthesis [86]. However, the inhibition of the genes involved in starch biosynthesis may result in a reduced growth rate, consequently decreasing lipid productivity [87,88].…”

Section: Lipid Biosynthesis Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies on the bicarbonate application in the cultivation process show that not only is it considered as a carbon source, but also act as an oxidative stress mitigator [86]. Under nutrient depletion conditions, the addition of sodium bicarbonate considerably decreased the oxidative stress caused by ROS and promoted the activities of antioxidant enzymes of Dunaliella salina, resulting in increased lipid and biomass production [130].…”

Section: Inducer Additionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an investigation, manipulating the iron, nitrate, and carbonate was reported to increase lipid and biomass production of three microalgae Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., and Chlamydomonas sp. [133] Apart from bicarbonate addition, phytohormones also play an important role in metabolism regulation and growth of microalgae [86,131]. Phytohormone could increase the antioxidant system in the microalgae, which keeps a redox balance state under stressful conditions.…”

Section: Inducer Additionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving ‘Lipid Productivity’ in Microalgae by Bilateral Enhancement of Biomass and Lipid Contents: A Review

Shokravi

Ong

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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Microalgae have received widespread interest owing to their potential in biofuel production. However, economical microalgal biomass production is conditioned by enhancing the lipid accumulation without decreasing growth rate or by increasing both simultaneously. While extensive investigation has been performed on promoting the economic feasibility of microalgal-based biofuel production that aims to increase the productivity of microalgae species, only a handful of them deal with increasing lipid productivity (based on lipid contents and growth rate) in the feedstock production process. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the recent advances and novel approaches in promoting lipid productivity (depends on biomass and lipid contents) in feedstock production from strain selection to after-harvesting stages. The current study comprises two parts. In the first part, bilateral improving biomass/lipid production will be investigated in upstream measures, including strain selection, genetic engineering, and cultivation stages. In the second part, the enhancement of lipid productivity will be discussed in the downstream measure included in the harvesting and after-harvesting stages. An integrated approach involving the strategies for increasing lipid productivity in up- and down-stream measures can be a breakthrough approach that would promote the commercialization of market-driven microalgae-derived biofuel production.

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Section: Lipid Biosynthesis Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inducer Additionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inducer Additionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving ‘Lipid Productivity’ in Microalgae by Bilateral Enhancement of Biomass and Lipid Contents: A Review

Shokravi

Ong

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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“…Up till now, light intensity, light quality, and light cycle have been tested in order to confirm their best implementation in cell growth, reproduction and accumulation of highvalue products 15 . On the other hand, nutrient is involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism, where modes of repletion, starvation, recovery and recycle are considered as valid strategies for increasing the productivity of biomass and high-value products 16 . Furthermore, coordinating advantages of light and nutrient brings out various powerful strategies for microalgal cultivation such as light-increment culture, flashing-light culture, mixing-light culture, fed-batch culture, gradient-fed culture, semi-continuous culture, and nutrient-starvation stress culture [17][18][19][20] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing C/N balance of Chromochloris zofingiensis to overcome the potential conflict in microalgal production

et al. 2020

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Accumulation of high-value products in microalgae is not conducive with rapid cell growth, which is the potential conflict in microalgal production. Overcoming such conflict faces numerous challenges in comprehensively understanding cell behavior and metabolism. Here, we show a fully integrated interaction between cell behavior, carbon partitioning, carbon availability and path rate of central carbon metabolism, and have practically overcome the production conflict of Chromochloris zofingiensis. We demonstrate that elevated carbon availability and active path rate of precursors are determinants for product biosynthesis, and the former exhibits a superior potential. As protein content reaches a threshold value to confer survival advantages, carbon availability becomes the major limiting factor for product biosynthesis and cell reproduction. Based on integrated interaction, regulating the C/N balance by feeding carbon source under excess light increases content of high-value products without inhibiting cell growth. Our findings provide a new orientation to achieve great productivity improvements in microalgal production.

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“…For L. bisecta SAG2043, bl-300 still had a positive effect on growth. Nitrogen is an essential element and macronutrient in microalgal cells, and plays an important role in growth, photosynthesis, and energy metabolism [18]. Nitrogen limitation in the culture can reduce the growth of microalgae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and transcriptome analysis of the novel oleaginous microalga Lobosphaera bisecta (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) for arachidonic acid production

Gao¹,

Huang²,

Lei³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Microalgae can synthesize and accumulate various components that can be used in health supplements, pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and other bioproducts. Arachidonic acid (AA) is an omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid and is important for human health. The coccoid green microalga Lobosphaera bisecta SAG2043 has been reported to be able to accumulate high AA content under certain conditions. We evaluated the interactive effects of nitrogen concentration, light intensity, and medium replacement on the growth and accumulation of lipids and AA in this strain. We further performed transcriptome analysis on L. bisecta in order to elucidate the mechanism of AA and triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism under nitrogen deficiency. Results Nutrient management and light intensity had significant effects on the biomass and accumulation of lipids and AA in L. bisecta. Both a high nitrogen concentration (18 mM) and high light intensity (bilateral light-300 μmol m -2 s -1 ) were beneficial to the growth of L. bisecta, and the replacement of culture medium further enhanced the biomass, which eventually reached 8.9 g L -1 . Low nitrogen concentration (3.6 mM) and high light significantly promoted the accumulation of lipids and AA. The highest lipid and AA content reached 54.0% and 10.8% of dry weight, respectively. Lipid compositions analysis under low nitrogen concentration showed that neutral lipids comprised 86.5% of the total lipids, and 88.2% of AA was distributed within the neutral lipids. We then reconstructed the lipid metabolic pathways of L. bisecta for the first time, and demonstrated that upregulation of a key desaturase and elongase in the Δ6 pathway was conducive to the accumulation of fatty acids toward AA synthesis. The synthesis of oleic acid, especially, ensured an adequate supply of precursor for AA synthesis. In addition, crucial genes within the TAG synthesis pathway were also up-regulated. Conclusion L. bisecta SAG2043 exhibits rapid growth, and high lipid and AA production. It may be a potential candidate for AA production. Transcriptome analysis showed that multi-level regulation ensured the conversion efficiency from carbon to the synthesis of fatty acids, which significantly promoted the accumulation of AA and TAG in L. bisecta.

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Storage of starch and lipids in microalgae: Biosynthesis and manipulation by nutrients

Cited by 132 publications

References 141 publications

Improving ‘Lipid Productivity’ in Microalgae by Bilateral Enhancement of Biomass and Lipid Contents: A Review

Improving ‘Lipid Productivity’ in Microalgae by Bilateral Enhancement of Biomass and Lipid Contents: A Review

Harnessing C/N balance of Chromochloris zofingiensis to overcome the potential conflict in microalgal production

Evaluation and transcriptome analysis of the novel oleaginous microalga Lobosphaera bisecta (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) for arachidonic acid production

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