Stored Energy Increases Body Weight and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Older, Underweight Patients after Stroke

Yoshimura, Yoshihiro; Wakabayashi, Hidetaka; Momosaki, Ryo; Nagano, Fumihiko; Bise, Takahiro; Shimazu, Sayuri; Shiraishi, Ai

doi:10.3390/nu13093274

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Furthermore, pre-stroke sarcopenia is also associated with poor functional outcomes [ 4 , 5 ]. Therefore, evaluating muscle mass and function among stroke patients is important [ 6 , 7 ], and aggressive nutrition therapy [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], deprescribing [ 11 ], and rehabilitation [ 12 , 13 ] re applicable for those with stroke, as well as those at high risk for muscle loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Muscle and Stroke—A Narrative Review on Current Meaning and Clinical Applications of Temporal Muscle Thickness, Area, and Volume

et al. 2022

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Background: Evaluating muscle mass and function among stroke patients is important. However, evaluating muscle volume and function is not easy due to the disturbances of consciousness and paresis. Temporal muscle thickness (TMT) has been introduced as a novel surrogate marker for muscle mass, function, and nutritional status. We herein performed a narrative literature review on temporal muscle and stroke to understand the current meaning of TMT in clinical stroke practice. Methods: The search was performed in PubMed, last updated in October 2021. Reports on temporal muscle morphomics and stroke-related diseases or clinical entities were collected. Results: Four studies reported on TMT and subarachnoid hemorrhage, two studies on intracerebral hemorrhage, two studies on ischemic stroke, two studies on standard TMT values, and two studies on nutritional status. TMT was reported as a prognostic factor for several diseases, a surrogate marker for skeletal muscle mass, and an indicator of nutritional status. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography were used to measure TMT. Conclusions: TMT is gradually being used as a prognostic factor for stroke or a surrogate marker for skeletal muscle mass and nutritional status. The establishment of standard methods to measure TMT and large prospective studies to further investigate the relationship between TMT and diseases are needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Muscle and Stroke—A Narrative Review on Current Meaning and Clinical Applications of Temporal Muscle Thickness, Area, and Volume

et al. 2022

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“…Furthermore, since the mainstay of treatment for sarcopenia includes nutritional therapy [ 13 ], early nutritional assessment and timely nutritional supplementation are also necessary to make these exercises multifaceted, especially in patients with sarcopenia. Rehabilitation nutrition is a concept that combines both rehabilitation and nutrition care management [ 44 , 45 ] and can further improve functional outcomes in these patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chair-Stand Exercise Improves Sarcopenia in Rehabilitation Patients after Stroke

Yoshimura¹,

Wakabayashi

Nagano³

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Currently, there is a lack of evidence to show that exercise therapy improves sarcopenia in older patients in clinical practice. We therefore conducted a retrospective cohort study to clarify the effects of chair-stand exercise on improving sarcopenia among patients diagnosed with sarcopenia undergoing convalescent rehabilitation after stroke. According to the latest Asian criteria, sarcopenia was diagnosed when both skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and handgrip strength (HGS) were low. Patients were asked to perform a repeated chair-stand exercise as whole-body resistance training, in addition to the rehabilitation program. Outcomes included sarcopenia rates, SMI, HGS, and physical function at hospital discharge. Multivariate analyses were used to examine whether the frequency of daily chair-stand exercise was independently associated with the outcomes after adjustment for potential confounders. After enrollment, 302 patients with sarcopenia (mean age: 78.6 years; 46.4% male) were analyzed. Overall, sarcopenia prevalence decreased by 21.9%, from 100% at admission to 78.1% at discharge. Multivariate analyses showed that the frequency of the exercise was significantly associated with the presence of sarcopenia (odds ratio: 0.986, p = 0.010), SMI (β = 0.181, p < 0.001), and HGS (β = 0.101, p = 0.032) at discharge, respectively. The chair-standing exercise was effective in improving sarcopenia in these patients.

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“…As potential confounders for each outcome, the baseline value (at admission) for each outcome was included as an adjustment factor. In addition, covariates selected to adjust for bias included age, sex, stroke type, stroke history, FIM-motor and -cognitive functions scores, CCI and MNA-SF scores at admission, rehabilitation therapy (units/day), BRS of the lower limb, and length of hospital stay, all of which were considered to be related to the outcomes [ 49 , 50 , 51 ]. To reduce bias, adjustments for common confounders were performed via a series of multivariate analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Applicability of the ESPEN and EASO-Defined Diagnostic Criteria for Sarcopenic Obesity in Japanese Patients after Stroke: Prevalence and Association with Outcomes

Yoshimura¹,

Wakabayashi

Nagano³

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Sarcopenic obesity is of growing research and clinical interest; however, validated diagnostic criteria are lacking. We therefore aimed to examine the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity as diagnosed by the criteria recently proposed by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), and its association with outcomes among patients after stroke. This study was based on a cohort of 760 Japanese patients after stroke admitted to a post-acute rehabilitation hospital. Sarcopenic obesity was diagnosed at admission according to the ESPEN and EASO criteria using reference values specific to Asians. Outcomes included the motor domain of the functional independence measure (FIM-motor) and the food intake level scale (FILS) at discharge. Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the associations between sarcopenic obesity and outcomes. Among 760 patients (median age, 73 years; 352 women and 408 men), sarcopenic obesity was diagnosed in 34 patients (4.5%; 5.4% of women and 4.1% of men). In multivariate analyses, sarcopenic obesity was independently and negatively associated with FIM-motor (β = −0.048, p = 0.031) and FILS at discharge (β = −0.095, p = 0.046) in women. In contrast, in men, sarcopenic obesity showed an independent negative association with FIM-motor at discharge (β = −0.117, p < 0.001) but no statistically significant association with FILS at discharge (β = −0.004, p = 0.323). In conclusion, the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity diagnosed by the ESPEN and EASO-defined criteria was as low as 4.5% among Japanese patients after stroke. Furthermore, sarcopenic obesity was negatively associated with improvements in activities of daily living and dysphagia.

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Stored Energy Increases Body Weight and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Older, Underweight Patients after Stroke

Cited by 22 publications

References 39 publications

Temporal Muscle and Stroke—A Narrative Review on Current Meaning and Clinical Applications of Temporal Muscle Thickness, Area, and Volume

Temporal Muscle and Stroke—A Narrative Review on Current Meaning and Clinical Applications of Temporal Muscle Thickness, Area, and Volume

Chair-Stand Exercise Improves Sarcopenia in Rehabilitation Patients after Stroke

The Applicability of the ESPEN and EASO-Defined Diagnostic Criteria for Sarcopenic Obesity in Japanese Patients after Stroke: Prevalence and Association with Outcomes

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