“…A large number of research efforts have focused on enhancing and improving document representations by applying Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology such as Named Entity Recognition (NER) (Yang et al, 1999, Makkonen et al, 2004, Kumaran & Allan, 2004, Zhang et al, 2004. Some research tended towards interactive TDT through casting its attention on the graphical user interface (GUI), rather than on laboratory experiments such as TDT Lighthouse (Leuski & Allan, 2000), TimeMine (Swan & Allan, 2000), Topic Tracking Visualization Tool (Jones & Gabb, 2002), Event Organizer (Allan et al, 2005), Stories in Time (Berendt & Subasic, 2009) and Interactive Event Tracking System (iEvent) interface (Mohd et al, 2012), which are all examples of TDT studies that investigate some approaches to enhancing and improving TDT systems' and users' performance. Based on the works reviewed, none of them investigate the effectiveness of their interfaces using the combination of a bag of words (BOW) and named entities (NE) approach.…”