Storm pulse chemographs of saturation index and carbon dioxide pressure: implications for shifting recharge sources during storm events in the karst aquifer at Fort Campbell, Kentucky/Tennessee, USA

Vesper, Dorothy J.; White, William Β.

doi:10.1007/s10040-003-0299-8

Cited by 62 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…A possible explanation for the CO 2 trend is that baseflow water in the stream has lower CO 2 levels due to gas loss compared to water stored in low permeability zones that will be mobilised during flood events. The CO 2 trends are distinctly different from other studies where a decrease of the CO 2 concentration occurred during flood events (Liu et al, 2004(Liu et al, , 2007 or a CO 2 increase was observed during the recession limb of the hydrograph rather than at the beginning of the flood peak as in our study (Vesper and White, 2004). The different CO 2 behaviour at other sites may due to the higher importance of concentrated infiltration at these sites compared to our site.…”

Section: Origin and Behaviour Of Cocontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The different CO 2 behaviour at other sites may due to the higher importance of concentrated infiltration at these sites compared to our site. For example, Vesper and White (2004) explained the delayed increase of CO 2 by concentrated infiltration via sinkholes with limited interaction with soil followed by diffuse water from dispersed infiltration through CO 2 -rich soil.…”

Section: Origin and Behaviour Of Comentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these studies CO 2 concentration typically varied between 2% and 5 vol.% CO 2 . Other studies focussed on dissolved CO 2 concentrations in karst (Liu et al, 2004;Vesper and White, 2004) and epikarst (Liu et al, 2007) springs. In case of concentrated infiltration via sinkholes, CO 2 concentrations can decrease during heavy rainfall due to a dilution effect (Liu et al, 2004(Liu et al, , 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In case of concentrated infiltration via sinkholes, CO 2 concentrations can decrease during heavy rainfall due to a dilution effect (Liu et al, 2004(Liu et al, , 2007. However, during low intensity rainfall and dispersed infiltration, the effect of flushing CO 2 -rich soils can dominate over dilution and the CO 2 level increases in springs (Liu et al, 2007;Vesper and White, 2004) or in diffuse flow fractured media (Liu et al, 2004). For example in a karst springs in Kentucky/Tennessee (Vesper and White, 2004), dissolved CO 2 concentrations increased after the maximum discharge was reached during storm flow, which was explained by diffuse infiltration through CO 2 -rich soils lagging behind quickflow from a sinkhole.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, during low intensity rainfall and dispersed infiltration, the effect of flushing CO 2 -rich soils can dominate over dilution and the CO 2 level increases in springs (Liu et al, 2007;Vesper and White, 2004) or in diffuse flow fractured media (Liu et al, 2004). For example in a karst springs in Kentucky/Tennessee (Vesper and White, 2004), dissolved CO 2 concentrations increased after the maximum discharge was reached during storm flow, which was explained by diffuse infiltration through CO 2 -rich soils lagging behind quickflow from a sinkhole. Hence, similarly as 222 Rn, CO 2 can serve as a natural tracer to evaluate flowpaths in karst systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Radon and CO2 as natural tracers to investigate the recharge dynamics of karst aquifers

Savoy¹,

Surbeck²,

Hunkeler³

2011

Journal of Hydrology

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Keywords:Karst hydrogeology Soil Epikarst Radon Carbon dioxide Unsaturated zone s u m m a r y This study investigated the use of radon ( 222 Rn), a radioactive isotope with a half-life of 3.8 days, and CO 2 as natural tracers to evaluate the recharge dynamics of karst aquifer under varying hydrological conditions. Dissolved 222 Rn and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) were measured continuously in an underground stream of the Milandre test site, Switzerland. Estimated soil water 222 Rn activities were higher than baseflow 222 Rn activities, indicating elevated 222 Rn production in the soil zone compared to limestone, consistent with a 226 Ra enrichment in the soil zone compared to limestone. During small flood events, 222 Rn activities did not vary while an immediate increase of the CO 2 concentration was observed. During medium and large flood events, an immediate CO 2 increase and a delayed 222 Rn activity increase to up to 4.9 Bq/L and 11 Bq/L, respectively occurred. The detection of elevated 222 Rn activities during medium and large flood events indicate that soil water participates to the flood event. A soil origin of the 222 Rn is consistent with its delayed increase compared to discharge reflecting the travel time of 222 Rn from the soil to the saturated zone of the system via the epikarst. A three-component mixing model suggested that soil water may contribute 4-6% of the discharge during medium flood events and 25-43% during large flood events. For small flood events, the water must have resided at least 25 days below the soil zone to explain the background 222 Rn activities, taking into account the half-life of 222 Rn (3.8 days). In contrast to 222 Rn, the CO 2 increase occurred simultaneously with the discharge increase. This observation as well as the CO 2 increase during small flood events, suggests that the elevated CO 2 level is not due to the arrival of soil water as for 222 Rn. A possible explanation for the CO 2 trend is that baseflow water in the stream has lower CO 2 levels due to gas loss compared to water stored in low permeability zones. During flood event, the stored water is more rapidly mobilised than during baseflow with less time for gas loss. The study demonstrates that 222 Rn and CO 2 provides value information on the dynamics of groundwater recharge of karst aquifer, which can be of high interest when evaluating the vulnerability of such systems to contamination.

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Section: Origin and Behaviour Of Cocontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Origin and Behaviour Of Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radon and CO2 as natural tracers to investigate the recharge dynamics of karst aquifers

Savoy¹,

Surbeck²,

Hunkeler³

2011

Journal of Hydrology

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Disturbances in the habitat of Macrocotyla glandulosa (Kenk)

et al. 2010

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Disturbances lead to the displacement or mortality of organisms or communities. In stream ecosystems, hydrologic disturbances (floods, spates, freshets) can dislodge organisms from the streambed habitat and in some cases dislodge the sediment itself (scour). The primary aim of this study was to characterize the relation between the scour and the magnitude of freshets through the sediment size distribution and the depth of water at numerous locations along a cave stream in the habitat of the imperilled Macrocotyla glandulosa (Kenk), the pink planarian. Our hypothesis is that areas of stable streambed sediment would serve as habitat, whereas areas of mobile streambed sediment would not serve as habitat. We have combined the use of a numerical model of a cave stream with the size distribution of streambed sediment to designate locations of streambed stability or instability. Using pink planaria census data collected since 1988, we have identified locations that the pink planaria occupy and locations where the pink planaria have not been found. Our results show that five locations along the cave stream that lacked scour corresponded with locations of pink planaria occurrence, that two locations that experienced scour correspond with locations where the pink planaria were not found and that one location experienced scour and planaria were found. Thus, there seems to be a relation between the stability of streambed sediment and the use of that sediment as habitat. Conservation efforts aimed at increasing the population of the imperilled pink planarian should account for the stability of the streambed sediment.

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Seasonal δ¹³C_DIC sourcing and geochemical flux in telogenetic epikarst of south‐central Kentucky

Jackson

Polk

2020

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Telogenetic epikarst carbon sourcing and transport processes and their associated hydrogeochemical responses are complex and dynamic. Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport rates in the epikarst zone are often driven by hydrogeochemical responses, which influence carbonate dissolution and conduit formation. This study examines the influence of land use on carbon sourcing and carbonate dissolution kinetics through a comparative analysis of separate, but similar, epikarst systems in south‐central Kentucky. The use of high‐resolution hydrogeochemical data from multiple data loggers and isotope analysis from collected water samples reflects the processes within these epikarst aquifers, which are estimated to contribute significantly to bedrock dissolution. Results indicate that, in an agricultural setting, long‐term variability and dissolution is governed by seasonal production of CO2. In a more urbanized, shallower epikarst system, land cover may affect CO2 transport between the soil and underlying bedrock. This concentration of CO2 potentially contributes to ongoing dissolution and conduit development, irrespective of seasonality. The observed responses in telogenetic epikarst systems seem to be more similar to eogenetic settings, which is suggested to be driven by CO2 transport occurring independent of high matrix porosity. The results of this study indicate site‐specific responses with respect to both geochemical and δ13CDIC changes on a seasonal scale, despite regional geologic similarities. The results indicate that further comparative analyses between rural and urban landscapes in other karst settings is needed to delineate the impact of land use and seasonality on dissolution and carbon sourcing during karst formation processes. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Storm pulse chemographs of saturation index and carbon dioxide pressure: implications for shifting recharge sources during storm events in the karst aquifer at Fort Campbell, Kentucky/Tennessee, USA

Cited by 62 publications

References 20 publications

Radon and CO2 as natural tracers to investigate the recharge dynamics of karst aquifers

Radon and CO2 as natural tracers to investigate the recharge dynamics of karst aquifers

Disturbances in the habitat of Macrocotyla glandulosa (Kenk)

Seasonal δ¹³C_DIC sourcing and geochemical flux in telogenetic epikarst of south‐central Kentucky

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Storm pulse chemographs of saturation index and carbon dioxide pressure: implications for shifting recharge sources during storm events in the karst aquifer at Fort Campbell, Kentucky/Tennessee, USA

Cited by 62 publications

References 20 publications

Radon and CO2 as natural tracers to investigate the recharge dynamics of karst aquifers

Radon and CO2 as natural tracers to investigate the recharge dynamics of karst aquifers

Disturbances in the habitat of Macrocotyla glandulosa (Kenk)

Seasonal δ13CDIC sourcing and geochemical flux in telogenetic epikarst of south‐central Kentucky

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Seasonal δ¹³C_DIC sourcing and geochemical flux in telogenetic epikarst of south‐central Kentucky