Storm Surges in the Strait of Georgia Simulated with a Regional Model

Soontiens, Nancy; Allen, Susan E.; Latornell, D.; Souef, K. Le; Machuca, I.; Paquin, Jean Philippe; Lu, Youyu; Thompson, Keith R.; Korabel, Vasily

doi:10.1080/07055900.2015.1108899

Cited by 64 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A high‐resolution circulation model for the SoG (Soontiens et al . ) will afford a more realistic idea of transport time and potentially elucidate source/sink relationships between sites but initial tests of dispersal from Fraser Reef using that model suggest that larval dispersal may be restricted to the SoG even within 30 days of release from the parent (Fig. S7, Supporting information).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the dominance of tidal currents, which add to the complexity of flow along with local features such as eddies, it is expected that larval transport between reefs would take longer. A high-resolution circulation model for the SoG (Soontiens et al 2016) will afford a more realistic idea of transport time and potentially elucidate source/sink relationships between sites but initial tests of dispersal from Fraser Reef using that model suggest that larval dispersal may be restricted to the SoG even within 30 days of release from the parent (Fig. S7, Supporting information).…”

Section: Implications For Larval Dispersal In the Strait Of Georgiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clones or clans: the genetic structure of a deep‐sea sponge,Aphrocallistes vastus,in unique sponge reefs of British Columbia, Canada

2017

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Understanding patterns of reproduction, dispersal and recruitment in deep-sea communities is increasingly important with the need to manage resource extraction and conserve species diversity. Glass sponges are usually found in deep water (>1000 m) worldwide but form kilometre-long reefs on the continental shelf of British Columbia and Alaska that are under threat from trawling and resource exploration. Due to their deep-water habitat, larvae have not yet been found and the level of genetic connectivity between reefs and nonreef communities is unknown. The genetic structure of Aphrocallistes vastus, the primary reef-building species in the Strait of Georgia (SoG) British Columbia, was studied using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Pairwise comparisons of multilocus genotypes were used to assess whether sexual reproduction is common. Structure was examined 1) between individuals in reefs, 2) between reefs and 3) between sites in and outside the SoG. Sixty-seven SNPs were genotyped in 91 samples from areas in and around the SoG, including four sponge reefs and nearby nonreef sites. The results show that sponge reefs are formed through sexual reproduction. Within a reef and across the SoG basin, the genetic distance between individuals does not vary with geographic distance (r = -0.005 to 0.014), but populations within the SoG basin are genetically distinct from populations in Barkley Sound, on the west coast of Vancouver Island. Population structure was seen across all sample sites (global F = 0.248), especially between SoG and non-SoG locations (average pairwise F = 0.251). Our results suggest that genetic mixing occurs across sponge reefs via larvae that disperse widely.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implications For Larval Dispersal In the Strait Of Georgiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Clones or clans: the genetic structure of a deep‐sea sponge,Aphrocallistes vastus,in unique sponge reefs of British Columbia, Canada

2017

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“…The model reproduces seasonal and interannual variability in temperature and salinity and has previously been shown to capture important physical dynamics such as deep water renewal events in the Strait of Georgia (Soontiens & Allen, 2017; Soontiens et al., 2016). As we will show in the sections that follow, it also effectively captures temporal and spatial variability in nitrate concentrations, in the contexts of both high frequency variability (section 3.1) and the seasonal cycle (section 3.2).…”

Section: Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Assessment of Nutrient Supply by a Tidal Jet in the Northern Strait of Georgia Based on a Biogeochemical Model

Olson

Allen

et al. 2020

JGR Oceans

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We present a coupled three‐dimensional biological‐physical model for the Salish Sea and evaluate it by comparison to nitrate, silicate, and chlorophyll observations. It accurately reproduces nitrate concentrations with Willmott skill scores, root‐mean‐square error, and bias ranging from 0.84–0.95, 4.02–6.5 μM, and −2.33–1.84 μM, respectively, compared to three independent discrete sample data sets. A prominent feature of the model output is a tidal jet emanating from Discovery Passage producing a downstream plume of elevated surface nitrate. The signal is present from April to September, when surface nitrate is otherwise drawn down. It has a weak but statistically significant correlation to Discovery Passage tidal velocity (R=0.37, p<0.01). Within the turbulent jet and associated plume, the average rate of vertical nitrate supply due to mixing and advection across a depth of roughly 6 m is 0.46 μmol m−2 s−1 between 15 May and 20 August 2015, compared to 0.10 μmol m−2 s−1 for the northern Strait of Georgia as a whole. Close to Discovery Passage, where velocities and shear are strongest, the majority of the vertical nitrate flux is due to mixing. As velocities weaken downstream, vertical advection becomes more important relative to mixing, but vertical velocities also decrease. The tidal pulses out of Discovery Passage drive waves that contribute net upward nitrate flux as far south as Cape Lazo, 40 km away. The nitrate supply drives new production, consistent with existing observations. Similar dynamics have been described in many other tidally influenced coastal systems.

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“…The CTD profile observations were performed once or twice every month. The velocity fields from the SalishSeaCast model by Soontiens et al [12] and Soontiens and Allen [13] were downloaded from their ERDDAP server (https://salishsea.eos.ubc.ca/erddap/) between 12:30 29 May 2018 to 12:30 30 May 2018 from datasets: ubcSSg3DuGridFields1hV17-02, ubcSSg3DvGridFields1hV17-02. From these data we can obtain the background currents in the Strait of Georgia with time resolution of about 1 h and spatial resolution of about 500 m. Weather information for wind comes from SAND HEADS (climate ID 1107010 in Environment Canada).…”

Section: Remote Sensing Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of Internal Waves in the Strait of Georgia Based on Remote Sensing Images

Wang

Silva

2019

Remote Sensing

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This paper analyzes over 500 sets of internal waves in the Strait of Georgia (British Columbia, Canada) based on a large number of satellite remote sensing images. The spatial and temporal distribution of internal waves in the central region of the strait are discussed via statistical analysis. Possible generation origins of the observed internal waves are divided into three categories based on their different propagation directions and geographical locations: (1) the interaction between the narrow channels to the south of the Strait and the tidal currents, leading to the formation of mainly eastward and northward propagating waves; (2) the interaction between the tidal currents and the topography near Point Roberts, resulting in mainly westward propagating waves; (3) excitation by river plume, mainly near Fraser River mouth, leading to the formation of mainly westward waves along the direction of the river plume. The relation between the occurrence of internal waves in remote sensing images and wind or tide level is also discussed. It is found that most of the observed internal waves occur at low tides. However, due to the influence of the river, the eastward propagating internal waves near the river mouth seldom occur at the lowest tide. Also, internal waves are captured more easily by remote sensing images in summer due to the lower wind speed than winter and therefore the seasonal distribution of internal waves in remote sensing images may not be able to completely represent the real situation in the study area. Finally, combining the in situ measured data and model output data, the Benjamin-Ono equation is found to satisfyingly simulate the characteristic parameters of the studied internal waves.

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Storm Surges in the Strait of Georgia Simulated with a Regional Model

Cited by 64 publications

References 37 publications

Clones or clans: the genetic structure of a deep‐sea sponge,Aphrocallistes vastus,in unique sponge reefs of British Columbia, Canada

Clones or clans: the genetic structure of a deep‐sea sponge,Aphrocallistes vastus,in unique sponge reefs of British Columbia, Canada

Assessment of Nutrient Supply by a Tidal Jet in the Northern Strait of Georgia Based on a Biogeochemical Model

Studies of Internal Waves in the Strait of Georgia Based on Remote Sensing Images

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