Strabismus and amblyopia in Africa – a systematic review and meta-analysis

Akowuah, Prince Kwaku; Adade, Samuel; Nartey, Andrews; Owusu, Ebenezer; Donkor, Richard; Ankamah-Lomotey, Stephen; Frimpong, Asafo Agyei; Adjei-Anang, Joseph; Kobia‐Acquah, Emmanuel

doi:10.1080/09273972.2022.2157023

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…A highly detailed image of the pupil is obtained, which enables an algorithm to detect adjusting movements of less than 0.2 mm, difficult to observe during a traditional PCT examination (Figure 3). 5) adapter for trial lenses, (6) LCD shutters, (7) hot mirror, (8) drive system allowing the optics to be adjusted to the user's pupillary distance, (9) NIR LED illuminator, (10) movable fixing element for optical components, (11) fixation point for the non-fixing eye, (12) fixation point for the fixing eye. The pupil distance can be set from 53 to 82 mm and is taken into account when setting the following fixation point positions on the test screen, increasing the reliability of the results in both children and adults.…”

Section: Construction Of the Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A highly detailed image of the pupil is obtained, which enables an algorithm to detect adjusting movements of less than 0.2 mm, difficult to observe during a traditional PCT examination (Figure 3). 5) adapter for trial lenses, (6) LCD shutters, (7) hot mirror, (8) drive system allowing the optics to be adjusted to the user's pupillary distance, (9) NIR LED illuminator, (10) movable fixing element for optical components, (11) fixation point for the non-fixing eye, (12) fixation point for the fixing eye. 5) adapter for trial lenses, (6) LCD shutters, (7) hot mirror, (8) drive system allowing the optics to be adjusted to the user's pupillary distance, (9) NIR LED illuminator, (10) movable fixing element for optical components, (11) fixation point for the non-fixing eye, (12) fixation point for the fixing eye.…”

Section: Fundamentals Of Measurement Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are limited data available on the global incidence of strabismus annually. An estimated 5.65% of children in China [8], 0.80% of children in Singapore [9], 2.47% children in the United States of America [10] and 0.8% in Africa [11] have strabismus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 3. Schematic concept of the device: (1) fixation points display screen, (2) NIR camera, (3) PC, (4) operator control panel, (5) adapter for trial lenses, (6) LCD shutters, (7) hot mirror, (8) drive system allowing the optics to be adjusted to the user's pupillary distance, (9) NIR LED illuminator, (10) movable fixing element for optical components,(11) fixation point for the non-fixing eye, (12) fixation point for the fixing eye.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Usefulness Assessment of Automated Strabismus Angle Measurements Using Innovative Strabiscan Device

Grudzińska,

Durajczyk,

Grudziński

et al. 2024

JCM

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Background: The variability of the obtained results of manual tests assessing the angle of strabismus depends on the experience, skills, and training of the examiner. The authors hope that this new measuring device will provide a more sensitive and repeatable method for detecting small strabismus angles compared to the gold standard—PCT. The purpose of this article is to present an innovative strabismus angle demonstration device, called Strabiscan, to provide automated measurements of eye deviation and to compare the obtained results of these measurements to the traditional manual method. Methods: For patients with manifest strabismic disease (n = 30) and a group of healthy subjects (n = 30), a detailed history was taken and routine ophthalmologic examinations were performed, including best-corrected distance visual acuity, assessment of refractive error using an autorefractometer after cycloplegia, biomicroscopic evaluation of the anterior segment of the eye and evaluation of the eye fundus by indirect ophthalmoscopy. Subsequently, each patient and healthy subject was subjected to a prismatic cover–uncover test using a manual method, after which the presence of strabismus was detected and its angle assessed using a Strabiscan demonstration device. Results: In the control group using the Strabiscan demonstration device, small-angle latent strabismus ≤ 3DP was diagnosed in 83% of patients, while >3DP was found in 13%. In contrast, using the prismatic cover–uncover test, latent strabismus ≤ 3DP was diagnosed in only 13% of patients, and latent strabismus with an angle > 3DP was found in 13% of patients. No statistically significant differences were noted in the measurements of strabismus angles made by the different methods. Conclusions: The Strabiscan demonstration device allows quick and accurate assessment of the strabismus angle. Compared to the prismatic cover–uncover test, it has a higher sensitivity for detecting low-angle latent strabismus. Measurements with the Strabiscan do not require the presence of additional assistants for the test.

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Section: Construction Of the Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A highly detailed image of the pupil is obtained, which enables an algorithm to detect adjusting movements of less than 0.2 mm, difficult to observe during a traditional PCT examination (Figure 3). 5) adapter for trial lenses, (6) LCD shutters, (7) hot mirror, (8) drive system allowing the optics to be adjusted to the user's pupillary distance, (9) NIR LED illuminator, (10) movable fixing element for optical components, (11) fixation point for the non-fixing eye, (12) fixation point for the fixing eye. 5) adapter for trial lenses, (6) LCD shutters, (7) hot mirror, (8) drive system allowing the optics to be adjusted to the user's pupillary distance, (9) NIR LED illuminator, (10) movable fixing element for optical components, (11) fixation point for the non-fixing eye, (12) fixation point for the fixing eye.…”

Section: Fundamentals Of Measurement Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Usefulness Assessment of Automated Strabismus Angle Measurements Using Innovative Strabiscan Device

Grudzińska,

Durajczyk,

Grudziński

et al. 2024

JCM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Usefulness Assessment of Automated Strabismus Angle Measurements Using the Innovative Strabiscan Device

Grudzińska,

Durajczyk,

Grudziński

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The variability of the obtained results of manual tests assessing the angle of strabismus depends on the experience, skills, and training of the examiner. The authors hope that the new measuring device will provide a more sensitive and repeatable method for detecting small strabismus angles compared to the gold standard – PCT. The purpose of this article is to present an innovative strabismus angle demonstration device, called Strabiscan, to present automated measurements of eye deviation, and to compare the obtained results of these measurements to the traditional manual method. Methods: In patients with the manifest strabismic disease (n = 30) and a group of healthy subjects (n = 30), a detailed history was taken and routine ophthalmologic examinations were performed, including best-corrected distance visual acuity, assessment of refractive error using an autorefractometer after cycloplegia, biomicroscopic evaluation of the anterior segment of the eye, and evaluation of the eye fundus by indirect ophthalmoscopy. Subsequently, each patient and healthy subjects were subjected to a prismatic cover-uncover test using a manual method, and then the presence of strabismus was detected and its angle assessed using demonstration Strabiscan device. Results: In the control group, using the Strabiscan demonstration device, small-angle latent strabismus ≤3DP was diagnosed in 83% of patients, and >3DP in 13%. In contrast, using the prismatic cover-uncover test, latent strabismus ≤3DP was diagnosed in only 13% of patients, and latent strabismus with an angle >3DP in 13% of patients. No statistically significant differences were noted in the measurements of strabismus angles made by the different methods. Conclusions: The Strabiscan demonstration device allows quick and accurate assessment of the strabismus angle. Compared to the prismatic cover-uncover test, it has a higher sensitivity for detecting low-angle latent strabismus. Measurements with the Strabiscan do not require the presence of additional co-assistants for the test.

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Clinical pattern and burden of strabismus in a teaching institute of Northeast India

Natung,

Devi,

Thangkhiew

et al. 2024

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

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Purpose: To determine the clinical pattern and burden of strabismus in a teaching institute of Northeast (NE) India. Methods: In this hospital-based, cross-sectional study, detailed clinical evaluation of patients with manifest strabismus was carried out for a period of one and half years. Results: Out of the 7222 new outpatient department attendances, a total of 110 new patients with manifest strabismus were found, with a hospital-based burden of 1.52% [95% confidence interval: 1.3–1.8]. Comitant strabismus was seen in 84.55%, and incomitant in 15.45%. Exotropia comprised 70%, esotropia 26.36%, hypertropia 10%, and hypotropia 2.72%. The angle of deviation was large in most of the participants (69.09%) with a mean of 34.90 ± 17.08 PD for horizontal and 13.29 ± 8.97 PD for vertical deviations. A cause of strabismus could be identified in 30.91%. Paralytic strabismus was seen in 15.45%, sensory in 11.82%, infantile in 1.82%, and accommodative in 1.82%. Amblyopia was found in 5.45%. In our study, 25.45% patients underwent strabismus surgery, while 74.55% patients either needed conservative management or were being worked up for surgery till the end of this study. Conclusion: This study determined the pattern and burden of strabismus in a teaching institute of NE India. Since the institute caters to patients from different states of NE India, this study gives an indirect picture of the burden of strabismus of the whole of NE India. It is hoped that these data will aid in determining the overall burden of strabismus in the country. They will also help the family medicine and primary care physicians to have an idea about the burden and pattern of strabismus in the community, thus enabling them to create awareness about strabismus, remove the undue apprehensions of patients, and do timely referrals for treatment and prevent irreversible visual loss.

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Strabismus and amblyopia in Africa – a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 69 publications

Usefulness Assessment of Automated Strabismus Angle Measurements Using Innovative Strabiscan Device

Usefulness Assessment of Automated Strabismus Angle Measurements Using Innovative Strabiscan Device

Usefulness Assessment of Automated Strabismus Angle Measurements Using the Innovative Strabiscan Device

Clinical pattern and burden of strabismus in a teaching institute of Northeast India

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