A S S~S~U P L~Lecturer in Anatomy, University of Manckester KECENTLY, interest has been renewed in radical surgery for the treatment of uterine carcinoma. Previously, the main objections to surgery were the high mortality rate and, in a percentage of cases, the occurrence of ureteric or, less commonly, vesical fistulae as a post-operative complication. The former has been reduced, but the latter remains, and its gravity can be appreciated by the fact that the ultimate treatment of uretero-vaginal fistula is nephrectomy (Merenyi, 1948; Millin, 17, 484.