“…Sandwich materials, distinguished by their exceptional attributes such as a high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent heat insulation, strong corrosion resistance, and effective sound absorption, have gained substantial prominence within the automotive, aerospace, and marine industries. [1][2][3][4] The high sensitivity of composite materials to impact is a major concern for researchers and designers in the automotive, marine, and aerospace industries, especially with regard to low-speed impacts. In reality, composite materials can be subject to unintentional impacts from various sources, including aviation, tool drops during repairs, impacts between two panels during assembly, bird strikes during their operational life, 5,6 and stone impacts in vehicles over their lifespan.…”