Strain and strain rate by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in a maned wolf

Abstract

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 32(12):1336-1340, dezembro 2012 1336 RESUMO.-[Strain e strain rate por meio de ecocardiograϐia speckle traking bidimensional em um lobo-guará.] A obtenção de parâmetros cardiovasculares em animais selvagens são importantes de serem avaliados, assim como em animais de companhia, para a obtenção da função miocárdica e determinação precoce de alterações cardíacas que poderiam evoluir para insuϐiciência cardíaca . A ecocardiograϐia speckle tracking (2D STE) é uma ferramenta nova que tem sido utilizada em medicina veterinária, a qual tem demonstrado várias vantagens quanto ao seu uso, como a The measurement of cardiovascular features of wild animals is important, as is the measurement in pets, for the assessment of myocardial function and the early detection of cardiac abnormalities, which could progress to heart failure. Speckle tracking echocardiography (2D STE) is a new tool that has been used in veterinary medicine, which demonstrates several advantages, such as angle independence and the possibility to provide the early diagnosis of myocardial alterations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the left myocardial function in a maned wolf by 2D STE. Thus, the longitudinal, circumferential and radial strain and strain rate were obtained, as well as, the radial and longitudinal velocity and displacement values, from the right parasternal long axis four-chamber view, the left parasternal apical four chamber view and the parasternal short axis at the level of the papillary muscles. The results of the longitudinal variables were -13.52±7.88, -1.60±1.05, 4.34±2.52 and 3.86±3.04 for strain (%), strain rate (1/s), displacement (mm) and velocity (cm/s), respectively. In addition, the radial and circumferential Strain and Strain rate were 24.39±14.23, 1.86±0.95 and -13.69±6.53, -1.01±0.48, respectively. Thus, the present study provides the ϐirst data regarding the use of this tool in maned wolves, allowing a more complete quantification of myocardial function in this species.INDEX TERMS: Cardiac function, Chrysocyon brachyurus, maned wolf, systolic function, wild canid. independência do ângulo de insonação e a possibilidade de se obter o diagnóstico precoce de alterações miocárdi-cas. Objetivou-se avaliar a função miocárdica esquerda de um lobo guará por meio do uso da 2D STE. Desta forma, foram obtidas as variáveis Strain e Strain Rate longitudinais, circunferenciais e radiais, assim como a velocidade e o deslocamento longitudinais e radiais, utilizando os cortes eixo longo paraesternal direito quatro câmaras, paraesternal esquerdo apical quatro câmaras e eixo curto paraesternal direito no plano dos músculos papilares. Os resultados das variáveis longitudinais fora -13,52±7,88, -1,60±1,05, 4,34±2,52 e 3,86±3,04 para Strain (%), Strain rate (1/s), deslocamento (mm) e velocidade (cm/s), respectivamente. Quanto ao Strain e Strain rate radiais e circunferenciais foram obtidos 24,39±14,23, 1,86±0,95 e -13,69±6,53, -1,01±0,48. Portanto, o presente estudo fornece os primeiPesq. Vet. Bras. 32(12):1336-1340, de...

Echocardiographic reference ranges for sedated healthy peccaries ( Tayassu tajacu, Linnaeus , 1758 )

“…The E wave exhibited a mean velocity peak (89.6±1.43cm/s) greater than that of the A wave (74.9±1.22cm/s), and this pattern has also been reported for dogs of different breeds (Boon, 2011), minipigs (Lee et al, 2007 and maned wolves (Mantovani et al, 2012). These data allowed the evaluation of the diastolic function of the animals in this study as described for sedated minipigs (Lee et al, 2007) and maned wolves (Mantovani et al, 2012) that have been submitted to similar protocols (Lee et al, 2007). TDI has been demonstrated to be a sensitive technique for the quantitative evaluation of segmental myocardial movement (Wess et al, 2011) and is reproducible for examinations of basal cardiac function (D'Hooge et al, 2000)) in peccaries.…”

“…The Doppler echocardiographic evaluation revealed a maximal aortic velocity (AVmax; 124.4±33.7cm/s) that was greater than the flow velocity in the pulmonary artery (Pmax; 78.2±2.3cm/s), as has been reported for domestic pigs (AVmax: 87±0.04; Pmax: 72±0.06) and minipigs (AVmax: 84±0.06; Pmax: 66±0.02cm/s) (Lee et al, 2007). The E wave exhibited a mean velocity peak (89.6±1.43cm/s) greater than that of the A wave (74.9±1.22cm/s), and this pattern has also been reported for dogs of different breeds (Boon, 2011), minipigs (Lee et al, 2007 and maned wolves (Mantovani et al, 2012). These data allowed the evaluation of the diastolic function of the animals in this study as described for sedated minipigs (Lee et al, 2007) and maned wolves (Mantovani et al, 2012) that have been submitted to similar protocols (Lee et al, 2007).…”

“…In veterinary medicine for domestic animals, echocardiographic parameters are well documented, and standardized values are available for several species including canines, felines, equines and domestic pigs (Lee et al, 2007;Boon, 2011). However, few studies have examined the hemodynamics and cardiac functions of wild animals (Cetin et al, 2005;Mantovani et al, 2012;Diniz et al, 2017). This is the first study to report measurements of the echocardiographic variables of chemically restrained peccaries (Tayassu tajacu).…”

Cardiovascular profile of crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) in captivity anesthetized with ketamine and midazolam

“…The subjective analysis of segmental contractions did not note any complications related to the action of the anesthetic agents applied and noticed that the values for left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) by the Teicholz method and for the ejection fraction (EF) were maintained. The evaluation of a maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) under the same protocol (Mantovani et al 2012) presented similarities in the assessment of the systolic function in M-Mode, arterial ow, pulmonary ow and transmitral ow. The animal in question was described to weight 29 kg and, after adjusting the weight and the measurements obtained in the allometric scale (Cornell et al 2004), the values were similar to those observed in this study.…”

Standard Echocardiography, Strain and Strain Rate by Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking in Capuchin Monkey (Cebus Apella, Linnaeus, 1758)

“…7 Although strain analysis by speckle tracking (2D-ST) is well established in veterinary medicine for companion animals, it remains scarce in the literature. 8 The Rhesus monkey is the most commonly used non-human primate in scientific research, despite the wide variety of species potentially available for preclinical studies. 9 Given the large population and availability of capuchin monkeys throughout Brazil, the present study acquired conventional echocardiographic measurements and evaluated myocardial function using the speckle tracking technique to verify the applicability of these animals as models for the study of cardiovascular alterations in humans.…”