Strain and temperature characterization of LPGs written by CO2 laser in pure silica LMA photonic crystal fibers

Chaves, Roberta Cardoso; Pohl, Alexandre de Almeida Prado; Abe, Ilda; Sebem, Renan; Paterno, Aleksander S.

doi:10.1007/s13320-015-0250-3

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Complicated gratings can be formed as in the femtosecond laser method using point-by-point approach. CO 2 lasers can be used to inscribe gratings such as long period gratings in silica fiber, 16 in photonic crystal fiber (PCF) 17 and even in air-core photonic band gap fiber 18 and superstructure gratings. 19 But a CO 2 laser is not suitable for pure fused silica PCFs since they are fragile and can easily damage its holey structure.…”

Section: Optical Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Bragg grating sensors for monitoring of physical parameters: a comprehensive review

2020

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Fiber Bragg grating has embraced the area of fiber optics since the early days of its discovery, and most fiber optic sensor systems today make use of fiber Bragg grating technology. Researchers have gained enormous attention in the field of fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based sensing due to its inherent advantages, such as small size, fast response, distributed sensing, and immunity to the electromagnetic field. Fiber Bragg grating technology is popularly used in measurements of various physical parameters, such as pressure, temperature, and strain for civil engineering, industrial engineering, military, maritime, and aerospace applications. Nowadays, strong emphasis is given to structure health monitoring of various engineering and civil structures, which can be easily achieved with FBG-based sensors. Depending on the type of grating, FBG can be uniform, long, chirped, tilted or phase shifted having periodic perturbation of refractive index inside core of the optical fiber. Basic fundamentals of FBG and recent progress of fiber Bragg grating-based sensors used in various applications for temperature, pressure, liquid level, strain, and refractive index sensing have been reviewed. A major problem of temperature cross sensitivity that occurs in FBG-based sensing requires temperature compensation technique that has also been discussed in this paper.

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Section: Optical Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Bragg grating sensors for monitoring of physical parameters: a comprehensive review

2020

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“…Long period fiber gratings (LPFG) that have attractive sensing applications [11,12] (for example in refractive index [13,14], strain, and temperature sensors [14,15]) are suitable filters because of their low insertion and return loss. These filters with different fabrication methods [16,17] and implementation capabilities on several kinds of fibers (such as photonic crystal fibers [18] and the three-layer fibers [19]) are used with various techniques for equalization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novelty design in gain flattening filter of ASE source based on fat ultra-long period fiber grating

et al. 2016

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Abstract:A new type of gain flattening filter for amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source based on erbium doped fiber (EDF) is proposed and demonstrated by fabricating and writing two series ultra-long period fiber grating (ULPFG) on single mode fiber (SMF-28). The novelty method in this research is based on writing the two ULPFGs as fat gratings. The LPG is written by a simple and available arc-discharge method. The pump power based on single-pass backward pump configuration is around 100 mW, and the average wavelength is near to 974 nm. The gain flattening profile is obtained by 3.4 (±1.7) dB ripple in the wavelength range between 1524 nm and 1565 nm with 41-nm band width.

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“…A few preprocessing techniques, e.g. hydrogen loading [7] and applying prestrain [2,[8][9][10], have been demonstrated to enhance the writing efficiency of the CO 2 -laser-induced LPFGs. As is well known, the use of hydrogen loading can enhance the photosensitivity of the Ge-doped fibers to ultra violet (UV) exposure [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-treatment techniques for enhancing mode-coupling in long period fiber gratings induced by CO2 laser

Tang

Zhao

et al. 2015

Photonic Sens

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Two promising post-treatment techniques, i.e. applying tensile strain and rising temperature, are demonstrated to enhance the mode-coupling efficiency of the CO 2 -laser-induced long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) with periodic grooves. Such two post-treatment techniques can be used to enhance the resonant attenuation of the grating to achieve a LPFG-based filter with an extremely large attenuation and to tailor the transmission spectrum of the CO 2 -laser-induced LPFG after grating fabrication.

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Strain and temperature characterization of LPGs written by CO2 laser in pure silica LMA photonic crystal fibers

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

Fiber Bragg grating sensors for monitoring of physical parameters: a comprehensive review

Fiber Bragg grating sensors for monitoring of physical parameters: a comprehensive review

Novelty design in gain flattening filter of ASE source based on fat ultra-long period fiber grating

Post-treatment techniques for enhancing mode-coupling in long period fiber gratings induced by CO2 laser

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