Strain development in nanoporous metallic foils formed by dealloying

Schofield, Eleanor J.; Ingham, Bridget; Turnbull, A.; Toney, Michael F.; Ryan, Mary P.

doi:10.1063/1.2838351

Cited by 42 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In fact, when the ligaments of NPG are modelled as idealised long cylinders, then the action of surface stress is to compress the cylinder axially and expand it in the radial direction [86]. The Bragg reflection asymmetry in reference [34] is therefore naturally consistent with surface-induced strain in nanoscale structures -the same region tends to be strained differently in different orientations. Yet, our study failed to observe a significant peak asymmetry in either, the experimental or the virtual diffraction patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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X-ray studies of nanoporous gold: Powder diffraction by large crystals with small holes

Graf

Ngô

Weißmüller

et al. 2017

Phys. Rev. Materials

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X-ray diffraction studies of nanoporous gold face the poorly understood diffraction scenario where large coherent crystals are riddled with nanoscale holes. Theoretical considerations derived in this study show that the ligament size of the porous network influences the scattering despite being quasi single crystalline. Virtual diffraction of artificially generated samples confirms the results but also shows a loss of long-range coherency and the appearance of microstrain due to thermal relaxation. Subsequently, a large set of laboratory X-ray investigations of nanoporous gold fabricated by different approaches and synthesis parameters reveal a clear correlation between ligament size and size of the coherent scattering domains as well as extremely high microstrains in samples with ligament sizes below 10 nm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The origin of this discrepancy is unclear. One observation is that reference [34] reported the asymmetry only for samples investigated very shortly after dealloying; this might point towards a transient state of very freshly dealloyed NPG. Such states were not explored in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray studies of nanoporous gold: Powder diffraction by large crystals with small holes

Graf

Ngô

Weißmüller

et al. 2017

Phys. Rev. Materials

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show abstract

“…The surface morphology differed significantly according to the HF concentration. Similar to bicontinuous nanoporous structures dealloyed from crystalline alloy systems, [1][2][3][4][5][6] treating the sample with 0.05 M HF solution gave a nanoporous structure. A denser surface was obtained by treating with 0.1 M HF solution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2) Although dealloying has received attention in the context of corrosion, it has recently been receiving renewed attention because particular systems exhibit nanostructure or nanoporosity evolution upon dealloying. 1,2) Interesting dealloying behaviors have been observed for binary systems, including Ag-Au, [1][2][3][4][5] Cu-Zr, [6][7][8] Cu-Pt, 9) and Pt-Si. 10) Compared to the crystalline alloys, multicomponent metallic glasses are monolithic in phase with a homogeneous composition and structure down to the subnanoscale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dealloying of Cu-Zr-Ti Bulk Metallic Glass in Hydrofluoric Acid Solution

et al. 2009

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The dealloying behavior of Cu 60 Zr 30 Ti 10 metallic glass was investigated under free corrosion conditions using hydrofluoric acid (HF) solutions at room temperature. After immersing in HF solutions with various concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 M) for 300 s, color of all samples changed to be pinkish or peachy, which was ascribed to Cu based on the XRD patterns. According to the SEM-EDS study, HF immersion selectively leached the Zr and Ti elements, leaving Cu behind. Increasing the HF concentration increased the dealloying rate. Moreover, the HF concentration strongly influenced the surface morphology of the resulting Cu.

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“…This process leads to the formation of a porous structure that has been imaged using both transmission X‐ray microscopy and electron microscopy . X‐ray diffraction (XRD) is generally used to monitor the crystalline strain and XRD studies have shown that dealloying induces strain, which could ultimately be used to tune the catalytic properties, among others, of dealloyed materials. While bulk strains during dealloying have been measured, they are averaged over significant mesoscale heterogeneity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dealloying in Individual Nanoparticles and Thin Film Grains: A Bragg Coherent Diffractive Imaging Study

Cha

Liu

You

et al. 2017

Adv Funct Materials

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Dealloying is a process whereby selective dissolution results in a porous, strained structure often with new properties. The process is of both intrinsic and applied interest, and recently has been used to make highly active catalysts. The porosity has been studied using electron microscopy while the dealloying-induced strain has been studied at the ensemble level using X-ray diffraction. Despite the importance of local, for example, at the individual particle or grain level, strain in controlling the properties of the dealloyed material, it remains unresolved due to the difficulty of imaging 3D strain distributions with nanometer resolution in reactive environments. This information could play an integral role in understanding and controlling lattice strain for a variety of applications. Here, 3D strain distributions in individual nanoparticles and thin film grains in silver-gold alloys undergoing nitric acid-induced dealloying are imaged by Bragg coherent diffractive imaging. Particles exhibit dramatic changes in their local strains due to dealloying but grains do not. The average lattice in both grains and particles contracts during dealloying. In general, the results reveal significant dealloying-induced strain heterogeneity at the nanoscale in both isolated and extended samples, which may be utilized to develop advanced nanostructures for a variety of important applications.

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Strain development in nanoporous metallic foils formed by dealloying

Cited by 42 publications

References 22 publications

X-ray studies of nanoporous gold: Powder diffraction by large crystals with small holes

X-ray studies of nanoporous gold: Powder diffraction by large crystals with small holes

Dealloying of Cu-Zr-Ti Bulk Metallic Glass in Hydrofluoric Acid Solution

Dealloying in Individual Nanoparticles and Thin Film Grains: A Bragg Coherent Diffractive Imaging Study

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