1 We have examined the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and release of histamine by rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) in response to stimulation with antigen (ovalbumin), compound 48/80, nerve growth factor (NGF) and substance P (SP). 2 We have also examined the eects of the non-speci®c nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME (100 mM) upon the release of histamine and generation of intracellular ROS in response to the named secretagogues. 3 Ovalbumin (100 ± 1000 mg ml 71 ), compound 48/80 (0.1 ± 100 mg ml 71 ), NGF (0.1 ± 100 mg ml 71 ), and SP (5 ± 50 mM), caused a concentration-dependent release of histamine from RPMC. 4 Ovalbumin (1 ng ml 71 ± 0.1 mg ml
71), compound 48/80 (1 ± 100 mg ml 71 ), NGF (1 pg ml 71 ± 1 mg ml 71 ), and SP (0.005 ± 50 mM) caused a concentration-dependent generation of intracellular ROS by RPMC. 5 Pre-incubation of RPMC with L-NAME (100 mM) caused a signi®cant enhancement of both histamine release and intracellular ROS from RPMC in response to ovalbumin, compound 48/80, NGF and SP. 6 Our data demonstrate that NGF, SP and ovalbumin are capable of causing intracellular ROS generation by RPMC at lower concentrations than those causing signi®cant histamine release and we speculate that this may contribute to the activation of cytokine production. 7 The data also show that NO modulates histamine release, and ROS generation in response to the secretagogues used. This may have signi®cance in pathologies where NO synthesis is decreased, leading to an increased activation of mast cells.