Strain Differences in the Behavioral Effects of Antidepressant Drugs in the Rat Forced Swimming Test

López‐Rubalcava, Carolina; Lucki, Irwin

doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(99)00100-1

Cited by 316 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

156

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The nature of this variability, whether there are intrinsic differences in susceptibility to stress or differences in baseline locomotor activity, remains to be elucidated [1]. Our studies were in agreement with previous studies that have shown similar differences in mobility between inbred strains [14,19,35].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Antidepressant-like effects of nicotine and transcranial magnetic stimulation in the olfactory bulbectomy rat model of depression

Vieyra-Reyes¹,

Mineur²,

Picciotto³

et al. 2008

Brain Research Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, we compared the depression-like symptoms induced by olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) in the two inbred Wistar and Long Evans rat strains. We also analyzed the self-regulated oral intake of nicotine in these strains and the effect of nicotine on the depression-like symptoms of olfactory bulbectomy. Furthermore, we compared the antidepressant-like effects of nicotine on Wistar rats to those of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which has emerged as a therapeutic alternative for depression management.Our results show that Wistar rats develop depression-like symptoms, demonstrated by the forced swim test (FST), four weeks after OBX. However, we cannot observe these symptoms in bulbectomized Long Evans rats. Our results suggest that there are some innate differences in susceptibility to stress between these two rat strains.In Wistar rats, voluntary oral nicotine intake (1.2 mg/kg/day for 14 days) as well as nicotine administered as a single daily i.p. injection (1.5 mg/kg/day for 14 days) decrease the depression-like symptoms of OBX. Daily transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS; 60 Hz and 0.7 mT for two hours per day for 14 days) also decreases depression-like symptoms but is less effective than nicotine.In conclusion, our results support the idea that there are possible innate differences for depression susceptibility and that nicotine and TMS may be useful in the treatment of this syndrome.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Antidepressant-like effects of nicotine and transcranial magnetic stimulation in the olfactory bulbectomy rat model of depression

Vieyra-Reyes¹,

Mineur²,

Picciotto³

et al. 2008

Brain Research Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…18,[23][24][25][26][27]31,33 Their behavior in the FST and several other behavioral tests provide strong evidence that WKY rats are in a depressive-like state. While both WKY and F344 females exhibit high levels of immobility, WKY females did exhibit decreased climbing in the FST relative to F344 females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…5 The Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat exhibits depressivelike behavior in a number of behavioral tests. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Among the behavioral tests that indicate a depressivelike state in the WKY, we chose to work with the forced swim test (FST), a measure frequently used to test for antidepressant drugs. This test is used in animal models to test for 'behavioral despair' [35][36][37][38] and/or 'passive coping behavior'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressive-like behavior and stress reactivity are independent traits in a Wistar Kyoto × Fisher 344 cross

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Depression is a heritable disorder that is often precipitated by stress. Abnormalities of the stress-reactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are also common in depressed patients. In animal models, the forced swim test (FST) is the most frequently used test of depressive-like behavior. We have used a proposed animal model of depression, the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat, to investigate the relationship as well as the mode of inheritance of FST behaviors and HPA measures. Through reciprocal breeding of WKY and F344 parent strains and brother-sister breeding of the F1 generation, we obtained 486 F2 animals. Parent, F1 and F2 animals were tested in the FST. Blood samples were collected for determination of basal and stress (10-min restraint) plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels, and adrenal weights were measured. We found that all measures were heritable to some extent and that this heritability was highly sex dependent. Both correlation and factor analyses of the F2 generation data demonstrate that FST behavior and HPA axis measures are not directly related. Thus, the underlying genetic components of depressive-like behavior and HPA axis abnormalities are likely to be disparate in the segregating F2 generation of a WKY3F344 cross.

show abstract

“…Likewise, the WKY have been proposed as an animal model of depressive behavior because they consistently demonstrate exaggerated behavioral and physiologic responses to stress in a variety of situations when compared with other strains (Pare 1993(Pare , 1994. Indeed, the WKY strain demonstrates higher levels of behavioral immobility at baseline in the forced swimming test (a rodent test sensitive to antidepressant drugs) and in open field (Pare 1994;Lopez-Rubalcava and Lucki 2000). Thus, these rats possess a combination of behavioral and neurochemical (dopamine-related) characteristics that make them interesting models in their own right.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of Behavioral and Neurochemical Characteristics between WKY, WKHA, and Wistar Rat Strains

Drolet

Proulx

Pearson

et al. 2002

Neuropsychopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

WKHA rats constitute a recombinant inbred rat strain derived by phenotypic selection of the progeny of hybrid F2 crosses between SHR and WKY rats. WKHA are normotensive and show some features of hyperactivity and of hyper-reactivity to stress, but their utility as model of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has not yetWistar-Kyoto-derived Hyperactive (WKHA) rats constitute an inbred strain that has been derived from the progeny of hybrid Wistar-Kyoto (WKY)/ Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) F2 crosses. The WKHA rats were developed initially in 1980 by Hendley and associates in the attempt to remove a prominent behavioral abnormality (hyperactivity) from the hypertensive trait of SHR that had been fixed in this strain during intensive inbreeding (Hendley and Ohlsson 1991;Hendley 2000). Using cross-breeding of SHR with WKY followed by recombinant selected inbreeding, Hendley and Ohlsson (1991) (Deschepper et al. 1997). WKHA display marked locomotor hyperactivity and hyperreactivity to stress when compared with WKY. The activity score obtained with WKHA in an exploration test in a novel environment is much higher than the score observed in the WKY strain (Sagvolden et al. 1992). Moreover, the WKHA also seems to display "attentional problems" when compared with WKY (Sagvolden et al. 1992). Although these characteristics are reminiscent of those observed in children diagnosed with attention deficit disorder (ADHD), the utility of this strain as a potential model of ADHD has not received extensive experimental attention.Accordingly, the present study was conducted to assess the face validity of the WKHA strain as a model of ADHD. To do so, we compared the performance of WKHA to both WKY (genetic control) and Wistar (outbred control) strains in two behavioral tests. First, we measured activity levels of the three strains in an exploration test in a novel environment. Second, we examined the behavior of the three strains in the prepulse inhibition (PPI) test of the acoustic startle reflex. This test assesses sensorimotor gating, or the extent to which a weak acoustic stimulus draws cognitive processing away from a more pronounced acoustic stimulus (Ralph et al. 1999;Wood et al. 1998). Although there is considerable debate as to whether PPI reflects the operation of an attentional (as opposed to a preattentional) mechanism, it is clear that PPI is involved in stimulus selection or stimulus filtering, a process that appears to be aberrant in ADHD (Ralph et al. 1999). Moreover, some evidence also exists for a deficit in sensorimotor gating in a sub-population of ADHD children (Castellanos et al. 1996). A third reason justifying our use of the PPI test is that, like locomotor activity, sensorimotor gating is modulated by central dopaminergic substrates (Swerdlow et al. 1994), and there is extensive clinical evidence implicating alterations in dopaminergic function in the pathophysiology of ADHD (Pliszka et al. 1996).We also examined the extent to which the performances of the three strains in both the locom...

show abstract

Strain Differences in the Behavioral Effects of Antidepressant Drugs in the Rat Forced Swimming Test

Cited by 316 publications

References 35 publications

Antidepressant-like effects of nicotine and transcranial magnetic stimulation in the olfactory bulbectomy rat model of depression

Antidepressant-like effects of nicotine and transcranial magnetic stimulation in the olfactory bulbectomy rat model of depression

Depressive-like behavior and stress reactivity are independent traits in a Wistar Kyoto × Fisher 344 cross

Comparisons of Behavioral and Neurochemical Characteristics between WKY, WKHA, and Wistar Rat Strains

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About