Strain enhancement of lead-free Bi1/2(Na0.82K0.18)1/2TiO3 ceramics by Sn doping

Enhanced temperature stability in the O–T phase boundary of (K, Na)NbO3‐based ceramics

“…It is reported that Sn 4+ can improve the electric properties (eg, dielectric, piezoelectric, and strain properties) and sintering behavior in piezoelectric ceramics . In this study, a new lead‐free material system of (1− x )K 0.5 Na 0.5 Nb 0.96 Sb 0.04 O 3 ‐ x Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 Zr 0.8 Sn 0.2 O 3 (KNNS‐ x BNZS, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.060) was designed to obtain excellent electrical properties and its temperature stability.…”

Strong Piezoelectricity in (1 – x)(K0.4Na0.6)(Nb0.96Sb0.04)O3-xBi0.5K0.5Zr1–ySnyO3 Lead-Free Binary System: Identification and Role of Multiphase Coexistence

“…Lead-based ceramics possess an excellent piezoelectric constant ( d 33 ) and high electric field-induced strain and are currently applied in many electronic devices. However, most researchers have recently given considerable attention to lead-free piezoceramics because the hazardous Pb element will be gradually prohibited in electronic devices. − Due to the importance of high strain in piezoelectric actuators, related research has recently become very active. − ,− Previously, it was reported that a high strain could be well developed in the Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 TiO 3 (BNT)-based ceramics, − but the poor d 33 values (<200 pC/N) as well as high driving electric fields inevitably hinder their practical applications. − For example, a large strain of 0.45% under a high driving electric field (∼8 kV/mm) was achieved in (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 )­TiO 3 –BaTiO 3 -(K,Na)­NbO 3 , and unfortunately there is a poor d 33 (<100 pC/N) . Although enhanced d 33 and d 33 * can be simultaneously observed in BaTiO 3 -based ceramics, a very low T C was always shown. − As a result, there are some incongruous developments between piezoelectricity and strain in the field of lead-free piezoelectrics.…”

“…In the past several years, there have been some reports on the strain investigations in (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 )­TiO 3 and BaTiO 3 -based ceramics, and the Sn 4+ substitutions for Ti 4+ site can effectively enhance their strain behavior. − For example, a relatively high d 33 * value of 585 pm/V can be observed when the 5% mol SnO 2 was used to modify Bi 0.5 (Na 0.82 K 0.18 ) 0.5 TiO 3 . Furthermore, the Sn can promote piezoelectric and strain behavior of BaTiO 3 -based ceramics .…”

On the high temperature phase transition in Ba(Zr0.20Ti0.80)O3ceramic

“…Further, a linear variation of S and P 2 without any negative strain at E c is expected for a normal nonpolar material under external fields. 47,48 The converse piezoelectric effect is measured for BZT20/80 sample from the ratio of the strain maximum to peak electric field S max =E max , which was calculated to be 0.08 nm/V. The value of electrostrictive coefficient Q 11 was determined using the linear least-square fitting of S-P 2 data (inset Fig.…”