Strain History and Short-Period Aging Effects on the Strength and Cyclic Response of Fine-Grained Coal Refuse

Salam, Sajjad; Xiao, Ming; Evans, Jeffrey

doi:10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0002364

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…From studies combining 1-g shake table and cone penetration tests, Wang et al (2019) [30] reported that the cone penetration resistance of the post-liquefaction clean sand deposit increased with time. In fact, its increase is greater than that found in the case of fine-grained coal refuse reported by Salam et al (2020) [31]. Furthermore, Wang et al (2020) [32] demonstrated the effects of shaking history using the same apparatus, thereby indicating that the liquefaction of a freshly deposited medium dense sand reduced the cone resistance because of disturbance of the existing soil structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Mechanical properties of cementitious sand and sand with small cyclic shear strain to assess aging effects on liquefaction

Toyota

Takada

2021

Acta Geotech.

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Liquefaction damage from earthquakes frequently indicates effects of sand aging on liquefaction resistance: Liquefaction damage in natural or aged reclaimed ground has been much less than that in young reclaimed ground. However, the mechanisms underlying aging effects remain unclear. Cementation and stress history of sand strongly influence aging effects: Cementation raises liquefaction resistance, whereas liquefaction history sometimes reduces liquefaction resistance. Small cyclic shear strain, from which the induced density change is almost negligible, was adopted as representing the stress history. To evaluate liquefaction resistance, initial shear modulus, and deformation characteristics of sand, we prepared specimens by adding cement and by applying a small cyclic shear strain. In cementitious sand, liquefaction resistance increased when cement contents exceeded 0.3% by mass. The initial shear modulus apparently increased at the same degree of cement addition as that which increased the liquefaction resistance. For sand with a small cyclic shear strain, the liquefaction resistance increased when the applied cyclic axial strain exceeded 0.01%. Application of small cyclic shear strain only slightly increased the initial shear modulus, but the linear elastic region tended to expand to greater shear strain. Shear properties of sand with small cyclic shear strain resembled those found for sand that had been consolidated for a long time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Mechanical properties of cementitious sand and sand with small cyclic shear strain to assess aging effects on liquefaction

Toyota

Takada

2021

Acta Geotech.

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“…This study was primary focused on the cyclic properties of a subgrade bimsoil exposed to cyclic loads. Although the previous studies have attempted to reveal the change of damping ratio and resilient modulus, [23][24][25][26] the volumetric deformation and the mesoscopic failure mechanism are not well understood. Compared with the previous studies, the applied cyclic loads are characterized with multi-level stress amplitude and not constant stress amplitude.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Akbarimehr and Fakharian 23 conducted cyclic triaxial tests on clay‐rubber mixtures, and the effects of rubber content on the geotechnical properties were revealed. Salam et al 24 conducted large‐scale shaking table tests to study the effects of strain history and aging on cyclic response and resistance of fine‐grained coal refuse; the cyclic softening and flow liquefaction characteristics were investigated. Qian et al 25 performed triaxial tests and used the discrete element method to numerically analyze bimsoil to reveal the resilient behavior and mesostructure evolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After detailed investigation, although some investigations have been attempted to reveal the dynamic properties of bimsoil, most of them focused on the evolution of damping ratio and resilient modulus [23][24][25][26] ; the volumetric changes and the macro-meso instability characteristics were not well revealed. In addition, preexisting studies on bimsoil are almost all subjected to constant-amplitude cyclic loads; however, the bimsoil is usually exposed to variable amplitude cyclic loads in the geotechnical construction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the effect of confining pressure on fatigue failure of block‐in‐matrix soils exposed to multistage cyclic triaxial loads

Wang

Xia

et al. 2022

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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This paper discusses the multi-level cyclic triaxial testing of bimsoils (block-inmatrix soils), which are chaotic, mechanically and/or spatially heterogeneous geological masses in geotechnical construction. The cyclic triaxial tests simulate the behavior of bimsoil material under varying number of passing vehicle wheels. It is found that the applied confining pressure alters the stress state of the tested bimsoil and a transmission from strain softening to strain hardening occurs. The bimsoil deformation, strength, fatigue life, and stiffness are improved as the ambient pressure increases. The strain rate analysis reveals that the strong volumetric dilatancy occurs earlier for a bimsoil under relatively low confining pressure. Post-test CT scanning shows the mesoscopic structural changes inside the bimsoil, including the multiple interface cracking behaviors and crack propagation surrounding the rock blocks. It is suggested that the contact, interlocking, occlusion, and separation among the existing blocks greatly contribute to the volume dilatancy characteristics of bimsoil under high ambient pressure.

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“…Geotechnical properties of refuse di↵er from those of bedrock, waste rock, and mine soil and may therefore evolve di↵erently from other surfaces post-reclamation. Refuse impoundments are typically less areally extensive than cut ridges and VFs, but are portions of the landscape that may be exceptionally erosionally unstable due to the potential for the refuse to undergo liquefaction (Salam et al, 2020).…”

Section: The Post-mining Landscapementioning

confidence: 99%

The uncertain future of mountaintop-removal-mined landscapes 1: How mining changes erosion processes and variables

Shobe,

Bower,

Maxwell

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Surface mining may be humanity's most tangible impact on Earth's surface, and will become more prevalent globally as the energy transition progresses. Prediction of post-mining landscape change can help mitigate environmental damage and allow effective reuse of mined lands, but requires understanding how mining changes geomorphic processes and variables. Here we investigate surface mining's complex influence on surface processes in a case study of mountaintop removal (MTR) coal mining in the Appalachian Coalfields, USA. The future evolution of MTR-influenced landscapes is unclear, largely because the ways that human changes to the landscape affect geomorphic processes are poorly understood. Here we use geospatial analysis—leveraging the existence of pre- and post-MTR elevation models—and synthesis of literature to ask how MTR alters topography, hydrology, and land-surface erodibility and how these changes could be incorporated into numerical models of post-MTR landscape evolution. MTR mining reduces slope and slope–area product, and dramatically rearranges drainage divides. Creation of large numbers of closed depressions alters flow routing and casts doubt on the utility, especially over human timescales, of models that assume steady, uniform flow. MTR mining creates two contrasting hydrologic domains, one in which overland flow is generated efficiently due to a lack of infiltration capacity, and one in which waste rock deposits act as extensive subsurface reservoirs. This dichotomy creates localized hotspots of overland flow and erosion. Loss of forest cover probably reduces cohesion in near-surface soils for at least the timescale of vegetation recovery, while human-made VFs and mine soils also likely experience reduced erosion resistance. Our analysis suggests three necessary—though potentially not sufficient—ingredients for numerical modeling of post-MTR landscape change in the Appalachians: 1) accurate routing and accumulation of unsteady, nonuniform overland flow across low-gradient, engineered landscapes, 2) separation of the landscape into cut, filled, and unmined regions, and 3) incorporation of vegetation recovery trajectories. Our companion paper explores this final ingredient in detail. Improved modeling of post-mining landscapes will mitigate environmental degradation from past mining and reduce the impacts of future mining that supports the energy transition.

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Strain History and Short-Period Aging Effects on the Strength and Cyclic Response of Fine-Grained Coal Refuse

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Mechanical properties of cementitious sand and sand with small cyclic shear strain to assess aging effects on liquefaction

Mechanical properties of cementitious sand and sand with small cyclic shear strain to assess aging effects on liquefaction

On the effect of confining pressure on fatigue failure of block‐in‐matrix soils exposed to multistage cyclic triaxial loads

The uncertain future of mountaintop-removal-mined landscapes 1: How mining changes erosion processes and variables

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