2015
DOI: 10.1111/apha.12458
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Strain hypothesis ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection on the outcome of human diseases

Abstract: The intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is an exceptionally successful food- and waterborne parasite that infects approximately 1 billion people worldwide. Genotyping of T. gondii isolates from all continents revealed a complex population structure. Recent research supports the notion that T. gondii genotype may be associated with disease severity. Here, we (1) discuss molecular and serological approaches for designation of T. gondii strain type, (2) overview the literatures on the association of T. gond… Show more

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Cited by 157 publications
(113 citation statements)
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References 128 publications
(210 reference statements)
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“…Thirdly, the host immune response to T. gondii may affect expression of cytokines and the kynurenic acid pathway, both of which are implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Finally, T. gondii does not induce symptoms directly, but through interactions with other factors, such as genetic susceptibility and/ or environmental factors (25).…”
Section: Relationship Between T Gondii and Modulation Of Neurotransmmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Thirdly, the host immune response to T. gondii may affect expression of cytokines and the kynurenic acid pathway, both of which are implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Finally, T. gondii does not induce symptoms directly, but through interactions with other factors, such as genetic susceptibility and/ or environmental factors (25).…”
Section: Relationship Between T Gondii and Modulation Of Neurotransmmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tissue cysts become established in various cells, particularly in long-lived differentiated cells, such as neurons and muscle cells, thereby ensuring long-term infection. In humans, T. gondii has tropism for the brain, which may influence the occurrence of certain mental disorders, including schizophrenia, personality disorders, dementia, and suicidal tendencies (25).…”
Section: Artykuł Przeglądowy Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is known that many atypical genotypes differ in pathogenicity and transmissibility from typical genotypes 11 , which allow us to propose a possible link between the infection in humans and genotypic profile of T. gondii strain.…”
Section: Dear Editormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, in response to the parasite's manipulation caused by the invasion of lesions sites, or biochemical signals, infected hosts show more active behavior, and reduced neophobic behavior, making the parasite more prone to completing its life cycle. T. gondii is able to determine a delicate balance between parasitism and the host's immune response, which is supported by the mode of infection, strain, immune and cytokine response, as well the interaction of host genes and parasite genes 10,11 , characterizing a behavioral manipulation, and conferring a selective advantage to T. gondii. In other words, T. gondii is an opportunistic parasite for humans and other animals (i.e., cats and dogs), as published before.…”
Section: Dear Editormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, T. gondii has been associated with an increase in the incidence of many relevant psychiatric disorders. This relates to the fact that the brain is an immune-privileged site for lifelong existence of T. gondii tissue cysts [2]. Although the current pharmacological treatments have been ineffective against the cyst form, it is possible that the tissue cyst wall acts as a biological barrier preventing the interaction of drugs with intracystic bradyzoites [3].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%