Strain‐Induced Martensite Formation and Mechanical Properties of Fe–19Cr–4Ni–3Mn–0.15N–0.15C Austenitic Stainless Steel at Cryogenic Temperature

Alsultan, Saba; Quitzke, Caroline; Cheng, Zhipeng; Krüger, Lutz; Volkova, Olena; Wendler, Marco

doi:10.1002/srin.202000611

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The minimum coincides with the first inflection point (IP) of the stress–strain curve and is often used to define the onset of strain-induced α′-martensite formation. However, from previous investigations into austenitic CrMnNi steels, it is known that a small strain-induced martensite fraction of 2–5 vol.% already exists in the minimum of the strain hardening curve [ 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Once the minimum in the strain hardening curve was exceeded, the curve increased progressively owing to the strong effect of strain-induced martensite on the strain hardening rate during ongoing tensile deformation (stage II).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of C and N on Strain-Induced Martensite Formation in Fe-15Cr-7Mn-4Ni-0.5Si Austenitic Steel

et al. 2021

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In this study, the effect of interstitial contents on the mechanical properties and strain-induced martensite formation in an austenitic stainless steel was investigated. The mechanical properties of solution annealed Fe-15Cr-7Mn-4Ni-0.5Si-(0.01-0.2)N-(0.01-0.2)C concentrations in weight percent stainless steels were studied using room temperature tensile tests. All three alloys used in the present study have a sum content of C + N of about 0.2 wt.%. To verify the influence of C and N on deformation behavior, microstructural investigations are performed using light optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and magnetic and hardness measurements. Moreover, strain-induced α′-martensite nucleation was characterized by scanning electron microscope using EBSD. In the present alloy system, carbon provides a stronger austenite stabilizing effect than nitrogen. Hence, the smallest amount of strain-induced α′-martensite was formed in the steel alloyed with 0.2 wt.% C. It also exhibited the optimal mechanical properties, including the highest ultimate tensile strength (1114 MPa), uniform elongation (63%), and total elongation (68%). Moreover, the interstitial content influences the occurrence of dynamic strain aging (DSA), which was only observed in the steel alloyed with carbon. With increasing C content, the triggering strain for DSA decreases, which can be confirmed by in situ magnetic measurements during tensile testing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of C and N on Strain-Induced Martensite Formation in Fe-15Cr-7Mn-4Ni-0.5Si Austenitic Steel

et al. 2021

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“…[ 2,6 ] As the chemical driving force

Δ G^{γ \to α}

decreases with increasing temperature, the austenite stability increases which is accompanied by a decrease in the strain‐induced α′‐martensite fraction after tensile test. [ 9,30,35–39 ] Consequently, a martensite volume fraction of less than 1 vol% at 60 °C or no martensite at 100 °C was detected (cf., Figure 1b). It is also known that the formation of strain‐induced martensite is possible from the M d temperature and below.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The used parameter n of the Olson and Cohen fit was 4.5 and agrees with other research results. [ 6,10,30,35,53,56 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The used parameter n of the Olson and Cohen fit was 4.5 and agrees with other research results. [6,10,30,35,53,56] Figure 5. Influence of strain-induced α 0 -martensite on stress-strain and strain hardening behavior at À40 °C, 0 °C as well as 20 °C of Fe-17Cr-8.6Mn-4Ni-0.17N steel: a) true stress-strain curves and hardening curves, b) rate of strain-induced α 0 -martensite (df α 0 /dε) and strain-induced α 0 -martensite volume fraction ( f v α 0…”

Section: In Situ Magnetic Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Martensite Formation Rate by Magnetic In Situ Measurement in CrMnNi–N Steel

Quitzke

Schröder

Hempel

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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The plastic deformation and martensite evolution of austenitic CrMnNi–N stainless steel with 8.6 wt% Mn and 4 wt% Ni is investigated in a temperature range of −40 to 100 °C. Martensite evolution is determined by in situ magnetic measurements during tensile test. The triggering stress and strain for martensite formation decrease with decreasing temperature. Ex situ volumetric magnetic measurements are used to determine the strain‐induced α′‐martensite volume fractions. The characterization of the microstructure is carried out with scanning electron microscope. Using electron backscatter diffraction, strain‐induced α′‐martensite is detected within deformation bands in the austenite. The strain hardening curve at −40 °C shows a typical progression for metastable austenitic stainless steels with pronounced strain‐induced α′‐martensite formation and can be divided into four hardening stages. At this temperature, the studied steel achieves the highest strain hardening rate. The amount of martensite increases with decreasing test temperature and reaches a maximum volume fraction of 76 vol% at −40 °C. The highest ductility of 83% is achieved at 40 °C, accompanied by a tensile strength of 732 MPa. The in situ magnetic measurement confirms that the inflection point in the strain hardening curve coincides with the maximum martensite formation rate.

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“…Several parameters, such as the deformation mode, rolling temperature, and SFE, have been proven to influence the microstructural evolution of austenitic stainless steel. [22][23][24][25][26] Lee et al [27] have reported that strain-induced martensite transformation occurs when the SFE is below 15 mJ m À2 , whereas deformation twinning occurs when the SFE is above 20 mJ m À2 in Fe-Cr-Mn-N-C alloys. Allain et al [28] have indicated that in Fe-Mn-C alloys, martensitic transformation occurs when the SFE is below 18 mJ m À2 , however, deformation twinning is observed when SFE is between 12 and 35 mJ m À2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Heterogeneous Nano/Ultrafine‐Grained Austenitic Stainless Steel Prepared by Low‐Temperature Rolling and Annealing

Liu

Wang

Huang

et al. 2022

steel research int.

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An 18Cr-8Ni austenitic stainless steel is subjected to cold rolling at room temperature and low temperature (À50 °C) under different amounts of deformation. The samples cold rolled to 70% deformation are then annealed to obtain nano/ultrafine-grained steels with a good strength-ductility combination. The effects of cold rolling temperature and deformation amount on the microstructure evolution of austenitic stainless steel during rolling are investigated. The results reveal that low-temperature rolling reduces the stacking fault energy of austenitic stainless steel and promotes the formation of shear bands, ε-martensite, and α 0 -martensite. For both low-temperature and room-temperature rolling, the austenite and α 0 -martensite, austenite and ε-martensite, α 0 -martensite and ε-martensite pairs follow the Kurdjumov-Sachs (K-S), Shoji-Nishiyama (S-N), and Burgers orientation relationships, respectively. The deformation-induced martensite transformation sequence of austenitic stainless steel follows the processes γ ! α' and γ ! ε ! α'. A heterogeneous nano/ultrafine-grained structure with a grain size of 560 nm is obtained by low-temperature rolling and annealing; roomtemperature rolling achieves a grain size of 690 nm. The heterogeneous nano/ ultrafine-grained steel exhibits a high yield strength of 908 MPa and maintains a satisfactory total elongation of 43%.

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Strain‐Induced Martensite Formation and Mechanical Properties of Fe–19Cr–4Ni–3Mn–0.15N–0.15C Austenitic Stainless Steel at Cryogenic Temperature

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Influence of C and N on Strain-Induced Martensite Formation in Fe-15Cr-7Mn-4Ni-0.5Si Austenitic Steel

Influence of C and N on Strain-Induced Martensite Formation in Fe-15Cr-7Mn-4Ni-0.5Si Austenitic Steel

Determination of Martensite Formation Rate by Magnetic In Situ Measurement in CrMnNi–N Steel

Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Heterogeneous Nano/Ultrafine‐Grained Austenitic Stainless Steel Prepared by Low‐Temperature Rolling and Annealing

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