Strain-Level Differences in Porphyrin Production and Regulation in Propionibacterium acnes Elucidate Disease Associations

Johnson, Tremylla; Kang, Dezhi; Barnard, Emma; Li, Huiying

doi:10.1128/msphere.00023-15

Cited by 91 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…For instance, small molecules, such as levulinic acid, able to inhibit porphyrin biosynthesis in acne‐associated C. acnes strains without disrupting the growth of health‐associated strains, are attractive drug candidates for the treatment of acne . Biofilms can also constitute novel targets to overcome increased resistance to antibiotics and restore a balanced cutaneous microbiome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) and acne vulgaris: a brief look at the latest updates

Dréno

Pécastaings

Corvec

et al. 2018

Acad Dermatol Venereol

427

317

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While the commensal bacterium Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is involved in the maintenance of a healthy skin, it can also act as an opportunistic pathogen in acne vulgaris. The latest findings on P. acnes shed light on the critical role of a tight equilibrium between members of its phylotypes and within the skin microbiota in the development of this skin disease. Indeed, contrary to what was previously thought, proliferation of P. acnes is not the trigger of acne as patients with acne do not harbour more P. acnes in follicles than normal individuals. Instead, the loss of the skin microbial diversity together with the activation of the innate immunity might lead to this chronic inflammatory condition. This review provides results of the most recent biochemical and genomic investigations that led to the new taxonomic classification of P. acnes renamed Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), and to the better characterisation of its phylogenetic cluster groups. Moreover, the latest data on the role of C. acnes and its different phylotypes in acne are presented, providing an overview of the factors that could participate in the virulence and in the antimicrobial resistance of acne-associated strains. Overall, this emerging key information offers new perspectives in the treatment of acne, with future innovative strategies focusing on C. acnes biofilms and/or on its acne-associated phylotypes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) and acne vulgaris: a brief look at the latest updates

Dréno

Pécastaings

Corvec

et al. 2018

Acad Dermatol Venereol

427

317

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“…Among the differentially expressed microbial pathways, one significant feature of the disease state was the downregulation of vitamin B12 biosynthesis in C. acnes , which leads to the overproduction of the proinflammatory metabolites known as porphyrins . A follow‐up study comparing porphyrin production by individual C. acnes strains associated with either acne or healthy skin revealed that strains associated with healthy skin produced significantly lower amounts of porphyrins compared with acne‐associated strains, thus further supporting the different functions among C. acnes strains . A separate study reported the effect of isotretinoin treatment that showed clinical improvement and lowered levels of porphyrins in patients with acne .…”

Section: Acne and Skin Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 92%

The role of the skin microbiota in acne pathophysiology

et al. 2019

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Summary Background The role of skin microbiota in acne remains to be fully elucidated. Initial culture‐based investigations were hampered by growth rate and selective media bias. Even with less biased genomic methods, sampling, lysis and methodology, the task of describing acne pathophysiology remains challenging. Acne occurs in sites dominated by Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) and Malassezia species, both of which can function either as commensal or pathogen. Objectives This article aims to review the current state of the art of the microbiome and acne. Methods The literature regarding the microbiome and acne was reviewed. Results It remains unclear whether there is a quantitative difference in microbial community distribution, making it challenging to understand any community shift from commensal to pathogenic nature. It is plausible that acne involves (i) change in the distribution of species/strains, (ii) stable distribution with pathogenic alteration in response to internal (intermicrobe) or external stimuli (host physiology or environmental) or (iii) a combination of these factors. Conclusions Understanding physiological changes in bacterial species and strains will be required to define their specific roles, and identify any potential intervention points, in acne pathogenesis and treatment. It will also be necessary to determine whether any fungal species are involved, and establish whether they play a significant role. Further investigation using robust, modern analytic tools in longitudinal studies with a large number of participants, may make it possible to determine whether the microbiota plays a causal role, is primarily involved in exacerbation, or is merely a bystander. It is likely that the final outcome will show that acne is the result of complex microbe–microbe and community–host interplay.

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“…produce porphyrins that can sometimes act as metal chelators and can also serve as inflammatory markers. 61 Increased porphyrin production in some strains over others are often associated with increased risk of acne or Staphylococcus aureus growth. Typically health-associated Propionibacterium strains produce less porphyrins than those associated with acne, suggesting that the ultimate difference between a “healthy” vs. “disease-inducing” bacteria lies in the metabolites produced.…”

Section: Dysbiosis and Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically health-associated Propionibacterium strains produce less porphyrins than those associated with acne, suggesting that the ultimate difference between a “healthy” vs. “disease-inducing” bacteria lies in the metabolites produced. 61 Likewise, Wollenberg et al showed that coproporphyrin III ( 16 ) produced by Propionibacterium acnes in the nasal cavity induce S. aureus virulence by enhancing S. aureus aggregation and biofilm formation. 59 Together with the knowledge that certain strains of Propionibacterium spp.…”

Section: Dysbiosis and Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calling All Hosts: Bacterial Communication In Situ

Cleary

Condren

Zink

et al. 2017

Chem

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Bacteria are cosmopolitan organisms that in recent years have demonstrated many roles in maintaining host equilibrium. In this review, we discuss three roles bacteria can occupy in a host: pathogenic, symbiotic, and transient, with a specific focus on how bacterial small molecules contribute to homeostasis or dysbiosis. First, we will dissect how small molecules produced by pathogenic bacteria can be used as a source for communication during colonization and as protection against host immune responses. The ability to achieve a higher level of organization through small molecule communication gives pathogenic bacteria an opportunity for increased virulence and fitness. Conversely, in symbiotic relationships with hosts, small molecules are used in the initial acquisition, colonization, and maintenance of this beneficial population. Chemical signals can come from both the host and symbiont, and it is often observed that these interKingdom symbioses result in coevolution of both species involved. Furthermore, the transition from transient to commensal or opportunistic likely relies on molecular mechanisms. The small molecules utilized and produced by transient bacteria are desirable for both the immune and nutritional benefits they provide to the host. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of modern analytical techniques that are available to researchers in order to study small molecules in situ is an important aspect of this review. It is our opinion that small molecules produced by bacteria are central to many biological processes and a larger focus on uncovering the function and identity of these small molecules is required to gain a deeper understanding of host-microbe associations.

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Strain-Level Differences in Porphyrin Production and Regulation in Propionibacterium acnes Elucidate Disease Associations

Cited by 91 publications

References 44 publications

Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) and acne vulgaris: a brief look at the latest updates

Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) and acne vulgaris: a brief look at the latest updates

The role of the skin microbiota in acne pathophysiology

Calling All Hosts: Bacterial Communication In Situ

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