Strain-Rate-Dependent Deformation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of a Multi-Phase Medium-Manganese Steel

Sevsek, Simon; Haase, Christian; Bleck, Wolfgang

doi:10.3390/met9030344

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…However, PLC bands observed as serrations on tensile curves appear less regularly when compared to Lüders bands. The presence of Lüders and PLC bands was observed by Wang et al [13] and Sevsek [47] in cold-rolled and intercritically-annealed 7Mn-0.14C-0.23Si and X6MnAl12-3 steels, respectively. Callahan et al [40] reported that the temperature of intercritical annealing affects the occurrence of PLC and Lüders bands.…”

Section: Cold-rolled Medium-mn Steelsmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Explanation of the PLC Effect in Advanced High-Strength Medium-Mn Steels. A Review

et al. 2019

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The paper reviews the recent works concerning the Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect in Advanced High-Strength Steels (AHSSs) with a special attention to high-strength medium-manganese steels. Theories explaining the mechanism of the plastic instability phenomenon in steels with medium-and high-Mn contents were discussed. The relationships between microstructural effects such as TRIP (Transformation-Induced Plasticity), TWIP (Twinning-Induced Plasticity) and the PLC effect were characterized. The effects of processing conditions including a deformation state (hot-rolled and cold-rolled) and strain parameters (deformation temperature, strain rate) were addressed. Factors affecting the value of critical strain for the activation of serrated flow behavior in particular in medium-manganese steels were described.The explanation of the Portevin-Le Chatelier mechanism in medium-Mn steels showing the TRIP effect is a complicated issue because of their microstructure consisting of several phases, as well as the TRIP effect exhibited by these steels. The exact characteristics of the factors affecting the PLC effect in AHSS is very important, both from a research point of view and their industrial implementation. This overview concerns the PLC phenomenon in Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSSs), with particular emphasis on advanced medium-Mn TRIP steels. The Nature of PLC Effect in SteelsThe plastic instability phenomenon occurring during the deformation of metallic materials shows two most common forms of propagative bands: Lüders and Portevin-Le Chatelier bands. The Lüders bands refer to the regions of localized strain. They form immediately after the onset of plastic deformation from the yield point drop, followed to a dominant stage of the stress plateau stage. Lüders bands are commonly caused by static strain aging (SSA) [13]. Static strain aging is characterized by an increase in strength properties associated with a decrease in plasticity. The PLC bands are represented by characteristic serrations on stress-strain curves. PLC bands are usually related to the dynamic strain aging (DSA) effect. The occurrence of the PLC bands is much more erratic, and can be observed in various forms (serration types) in comparison to the Lüders bands.There are several theories which explain the PLC effect in metallic materials. However, none has been so far clearly confirmed. The first interpretation of this phenomenon was proposed by Cottrell [1]. From his point of view, the PLC effect is related to the interactions between solute atoms, such as C or N, and mobile dislocations. The presence of serrations on a tensile curve is associated with the rapid release of dislocations from the atmospheres of dissolved atoms, which block their movement. This model is based on the assumption that atmospheres are formed around dislocations due to volume diffusion. In the presence of substitution atoms, diffusion is facilitated by vacancies resulting from plastic deformation. The interstitial gaps located in the vicinity of the dislocation are enl...

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Section: Cold-rolled Medium-mn Steelsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The effect of strain rate in medium-and high-Mn steels is usually discussed in terms of negative strain rate sensitivity (NSRS), which reduces the amount of work hardening at high strain rates [47,[51][52][53]. Usually, conventional TRIP steels do not show this effect [48].…”

Section: Effect Of Strain Rate On the Plc Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explanation of the PLC Effect in Advanced High-Strength Medium-Mn Steels. A Review

et al. 2019

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“…Engineering stress-strain curves of HMnS with various SFE/activated deformation mechanisms and the X30MnAl23-1 HMnS subjected to different processing techniques. MMnSmedium-manganese steel [42], SRIP-slip-band refinement-induced plasticity [43], TRIPtransformation-induced plasticity, TWIP-twinning-induced plasticity [44], ECAP-equal-channel angular pressing [45], SLM-selective laser melting [46]. Figure 8.…”

Section: Mechanism-oriented Alloy Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Engineering stress-strain curves of HMnS with various SFE/activated deformation mechanisms and the X30MnAl23-1 HMnS subjected to different processing techniques. MMnS-medium-manganese steel [42], SRIP-slip-band refinement-induced plasticity [43], TRIP-transformation-induced plasticity, TWIP-twinning-induced plasticity [44], ECAP-equal-channel angular pressing [45], SLM-selective laser melting [46]. Indeed, several of the approaches presented in Figure 8 have already been transferred to HEAs, such as TRIP and TWIP effects [17,47], precipitation hardening in compositionally complex alloys (CCAs) [48], recovery annealing [8], severe plastic deformation [49], additive manufacturing [50], etc.…”

Section: Mechanism-oriented Alloy Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

From High-Manganese Steels to Advanced High-Entropy Alloys

Haase

Barrales‐Mora

2019

Metals

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Arguably, steels are the most important structural material, even to this day. Numerous design concepts have been developed to create and/or tailor new steels suited to the most varied applications. High-manganese steels (HMnS) stand out for their excellent mechanical properties and their capacity to make use of a variety of physical mechanisms to tailor their microstructure, and thus their properties. With this in mind, in this contribution, we explore the possibility of extending the alloy design concepts that haven been used successfully in HMnS to the recently introduced high-entropy alloys (HEA). To this aim, one HMnS steel and the classical HEA Cantor alloy were subjected to cold rolling and heat treatment. The evolution of the microstructure and texture during the processing of the alloys and the resulting properties were characterized and studied. Based on these results, the physical mechanisms active in the investigated HMnS and HEA were identified and discussed. The results evidenced a substantial transferability of the design concepts and more importantly, they hint at a larger potential for microstructure and property tailoring in the HEA. several core effects (high-entropy effect, sever lattice distortion effect, sluggish diffusion effect, cocktail effect) of HEAs have been proposed [5], a clear design strategy is still missing.The underlying physical mechanisms active in HMnS have already been studied for several decades [1,2,6], and therefore are comparatively well understood. One of the most important parameters when designing HMnS is the tailoring of their stacking fault energy (SFE). This property controls the dissociation distance of partial dislocations and determines whether TRIP and/or TWIP is activated/suppressed during plastic deformation. The role of the SFE during plastic deformation and subsequent heat treatment in metals has been studied for decades, and its effect is relatively well-known for face-centered cubic (fcc) metals [7]. In fcc HEAs, the mechanisms of microstructure formation have been found to occur in a similar way to the same class of alloys with comparable SFE [8]. For instance, the Cantor alloy (CoCrFeMnNi) with an estimated SFE between 18.3-27.3 mJ/m 2 [9,10] has been shown to develop the TWIP effect, depending on the processing conditions [11]. Evidently, the determination of the SFE in HEAs is fundamental, because this property indicates the possible acting mechanisms for microstructure development. However, as with steels, the complex chemistry of HEAs leads to almost unlimited combinations that make a systematic determination of this property difficult. Nevertheless, to accelerate the development of these alloys, several research groups have made use of ab initio calculations, e.g., [12]. The advantage of this method is that it is possible to calculate several alloy compositions with less effort than the one required for an experimental determination of the same alloys. So far, the systems CoCrFeMnNi [9,10,13,14], AlCoCrCuFeNi, and AlCoCrFeNi [15] have been investig...

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“…Most papers using the ART effect deal with applications for sheet products, as the necessary heat treatment can be best tailored by continuous strip annealing treatments. Thus, the composition requirement and the process parameters have been studied for a wide range of medium manganese steels [17][18][19][20]. As the time-temperature profiles of sheet products cannot be applied on forging parts because of the complex geometries and great cross sections, only simple and robust heat treatments can be used to modify the microstructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Austenite Reversion Tempering-Annealing of 4 wt.% Manganese Steels for Automotive Forging Application

Gramlich

Emmrich

Bleck

2019

Metals

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New medium Mn steels for forged components, in combination with a new heat treatment, are presented. This new annealing process implies air-cooling after forging and austenite reversion tempering (AC + ART). This leads to energy saving compared to other heat treatments, like quenching and tempering (Q + T) or quenching and partitioning (Q + P). Furthermore, the temperature control of AC + ART is easy, which increases the applicability to forged products with large diameters. Laboratory melts distinguished by Ti, B, Mo contents have been casted and consecutively forged into semi-finished products. Mechanical properties and microstructure have been characterized for the AC and the AC + ART states. The as forged-state shows YS from 900 MPa to 1000 MPa, UTS from 1350 MPa to 1500 MPa and impact toughness from 15 J to 25 J. Through the formation of nanostructured retained metastable austenite an increase in impact toughness was achieved with values from 80 J to 100 J dependent on the chemical composition.

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Strain-Rate-Dependent Deformation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of a Multi-Phase Medium-Manganese Steel

Cited by 43 publications

References 43 publications

Explanation of the PLC Effect in Advanced High-Strength Medium-Mn Steels. A Review

Explanation of the PLC Effect in Advanced High-Strength Medium-Mn Steels. A Review

From High-Manganese Steels to Advanced High-Entropy Alloys

Austenite Reversion Tempering-Annealing of 4 wt.% Manganese Steels for Automotive Forging Application

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