Strain rate effects in ultrastrong polyethylene fibers and composites

Prevoršek, D. C.; Chin, H. B.; Kwon, Y. D.; Field, J. E.

doi:10.1002/app.1991.070470004

Cited by 32 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…12 as a function strain rate, and the values ± one standard of deviation are given in Table 3. In general, there is an increasing relationship between failure strength and strain rate, which has also been noted by other authors for UHMWPE [3,5,6,18,19]. The present study on Dyneema SK76 found higher strengths compared to the results of Hudspeth et al [5] on the same fiber type.…”

Section: Uniaxial Tensile Strength At Multiple Strain Ratessupporting

confidence: 87%

Tensile Properties of Dyneema SK76 Single Fibers at Multiple Loading Rates Using a Direct Gripping Method

Sanborn

DiLeonardi

Weerasooriya

2014

J. dynamic behavior mater.

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Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers such as Dyneema and Spectra are seeing more use in lightweight armor applications due to higher tensile strength and lower density compared to aramid fibers such as Kevlar and Twaron. Numerical modeling is used to improve the design of fiber-based composite protective systems. Material response such as tensile stress-strain of different constituents of composites must be studied under experimental conditions similar to strain rates experienced during ballistic events. UHMWPE fibers are difficult to grip by adhesive methods typically used for other fibers due to low surface energy. Based on previous studies, the ability to grip UHMWPE fibers using traditional adhesive methods is dependent on fiber diameter and is limited to smaller diameter fibers which could affect reported stress values. To avoid diameter restrictions and surface energy problems, a direct gripping method has been used to characterize Dyneema SK76 single fibers at quasistatic, intermediate, and high strain rates of 0.001, 1, and 1,000 s -1 , respectively. In an effort to understand the effect of defect distribution along a fiber on its tensile response, multiple gage length samples were studied at the different strain rates. In this paper, the dependence of fiber diameter and gage-length on failure strength is discussed as well as success rate of failures in the gage section with this gripping technique. A comparison of the tensile properties to previous studies is also explored in this study.

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Section: Uniaxial Tensile Strength At Multiple Strain Ratessupporting

confidence: 87%

Tensile Properties of Dyneema SK76 Single Fibers at Multiple Loading Rates Using a Direct Gripping Method

Sanborn

DiLeonardi

Weerasooriya

2014

J. dynamic behavior mater.

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“…In general, there is an increasing relationship between failure strength and strain rate, which has also been noted by other authors for UHMWPE (3,5,6,18,19). show that long-gage-length fibers (100 mm) were stronger than short-gage-length (5-and 10-mm) fibers by about 8% at 0.001 s -1 .…”

Section: Uniaxial Tensile Strength At Multiple Strain Ratessupporting

confidence: 81%

Tensile Properties of Dyneema SK76 Single Fibers at Multiple Loading Rates Using a Direct Gripping Method

Sanborn¹,

DiLeonardi²,

Weerasooriya³

2014

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“…Nonetheless, certain important features have emerged. It has generally been found that Young's modulus determined from yarn shooting experiments, is considerably larger than measured in quasi-static tension tests and in one case [20], the increase approached a factor of three. Furthermore, in another case, impact into a yarn under a large initial tension, resulted in higher calculated Young's modulus values than into a low or un-tensioned yarn.…”

Section: Experiments On Ballistically Measured Yarn Modulus and Strenmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Among the many investigators who have conducted and interpreted yarn shooting experiments and in some cases developed specific models, are Rakhmatulin [7,8], Smith and colleagues [11,[17][18][19], Prevorsek et al [20], Wang et al [16], Carr [21], Bazhenov et al [22] and Utomo and colleagues [23][24][25]. The yarn model and theory used by Prevorsek et al [20] and Wang et al [16] has components credited to Cole [9], and Smith [11,18], including the incorporation of initial tension prior to impact.…”

Section: Experiments On Ballistically Measured Yarn Modulus and Strenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The yarn model and theory used by Prevorsek et al [20] and Wang et al [16] has components credited to Cole [9], and Smith [11,18], including the incorporation of initial tension prior to impact. Bazhenov et al [22] refers to the theoretical model used as the Rakhmatulin-Smith theory, and that of Utomo and colleagues [23][24][25] is essentially the same as used by Prevorsek et al [20]. Parga-Landa and Hernandez-Olivares [26] implemented a numerical model for yarn impact, involving discrete time steps, but the governing equations are consistent with those of the above authors.…”

Section: Experiments On Ballistically Measured Yarn Modulus and Strenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling and Experiments on Ballistic Impact into UHMWPE Yarns Using Flat and Saddle-Nosed Projectiles

Phoenix

Heisserer

Werff

et al. 2017

Fibers

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Abstract:Yarn shooting experiments were conducted to determine the ballistically-relevant, Young's modulus and tensile strength of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber. Target specimens were Dyneema ® SK76 yarns (1760 dtex), twisted to 40 turns/m, and initially tensioned to stresses ranging from 29 to 2200 MPa. Yarns were impacted, transversely, by two types of cylindrical steel projectiles at velocities ranging from 150 to 555 m/s: (i) a reverse-fired, fragment simulating projectile (FSP) where the flat rear face impacted the yarn rather than the beveled nose; and (ii) a 'saddle-nosed projectile' having a specially contoured nose imparting circular curvature in the region of impact, but opposite curvature transversely to prevent yarn slippage off the nose. Experimental data consisted of sequential photographic images of the progress of the triangular transverse wave, as well as tensile wave speed measured using spaced, piezo-electric sensors. Yarn Young's modulus, calculated from the tensile wave-speed, varied from 133 GPa at minimal initial tension to 208 GPa at the highest initial tensions. However, varying projectile impact velocity, and thus, the strain jump on impact, had negligible effect on the modulus. Contrary to predictions from the classical Cole-Smith model for 1D yarn impact, the critical velocity for yarn failure differed significantly for the two projectile types, being 18% lower for the flat-faced, reversed FSP projectile compared to the saddle-nosed projectile, which converts to an apparent 25% difference in yarn strength. To explain this difference, a wave-propagation model was developed that incorporates tension wave collision under blunt impact by a flat-faced projectile, in contrast to outward wave propagation in the classical model. Agreement between experiment and model predictions was outstanding across a wide range of initial yarn tensions. However, plots of calculated failure stress versus yarn pre-tension stress resulted in apparent yarn strengths much lower than 3.4 GPa from quasi-static tension tests, although a plot of critical velocity versus initial tension did project to 3.4 GPa at zero velocity. This strength reduction (occurring also in aramid fibers) suggested that transverse fiber distortion and yarn compaction from a compressive shock wave under the projectile results in fiber-on-fiber interference in the emerging transverse wave front, causing a gradient in fiber tensile strains with depth, and strain concentration in fibers nearest the projectile face. A model was developed to illustrate the phenomenon.

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Strain rate effects in ultrastrong polyethylene fibers and composites

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Tensile Properties of Dyneema SK76 Single Fibers at Multiple Loading Rates Using a Direct Gripping Method

Tensile Properties of Dyneema SK76 Single Fibers at Multiple Loading Rates Using a Direct Gripping Method

Tensile Properties of Dyneema SK76 Single Fibers at Multiple Loading Rates Using a Direct Gripping Method

Modeling and Experiments on Ballistic Impact into UHMWPE Yarns Using Flat and Saddle-Nosed Projectiles

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