Strain-specific priming of resistance in the red flour beetle,
            <i>Tribolium castaneum</i>

Roth, Olivia; Sadd, Ben M.; Schmid‐Hempel, Paul; Kurtz, Joachim

doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1157

Cited by 228 publications

(245 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…We also found that a protective effect of prior treatment with a small dose of the pathogen ('priming') extends for 7 days [previous experiments in this system had only looked for immediate effects and those 2 days following priming exposure (McTaggart et al, 2012)]. This is comparable with the observations of priming after 8 days in beetles (Roth et al, 2009) and 6 days in moths (Tidbury et al, 2011) and shows that priming of the innate system is relatively persistent. This persistent priming also has broad implications for understanding the epidemiological consequences of priming.…”

Section: Research Articlesupporting

confidence: 77%

The development of pathogen resistance in Daphnia magna: implications for disease spread in age-structured populations

Garbutt

O'Donoghue

McTaggart

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Immunity in vertebrates is well established to develop with time, but the ontogeny of defence in invertebrates is markedly less studied. Yet, age-specific capacity for defence against pathogens, coupled with age structure in populations, has widespread implications for disease spread. Thus, we sought to determine the susceptibility of hosts of different ages in an experimental invertebrate host-pathogen system. In a series of experiments, we show that the ability of Daphnia magna to resist its natural bacterial pathogen Pasteuria ramosa changes with host age. Clonal differences make it difficult to draw general conclusions, but the majority of observations indicate that resistance increases early in the life of D. magna, consistent with the idea that the defence system develops with time. Immediately following this, at about the time when a daphnid would be most heavily investing in reproduction, resistance tends to decline. Because many ecological factors influence the age structure of Daphnia populations, our results highlight a broad mechanism by which ecological context can affect disease epidemiology. We also show that a previously observed protective effect of restricted maternal food persists throughout the entire juvenile period, and that the protective effect of prior treatment with a small dose of the pathogen ('priming') persists for 7 days, observations that reinforce the idea that immunity in D. magna can change over time. Together, our experiments lead us to conclude that invertebrate defence capabilities have an ontogeny that merits consideration with respect to both their immune systems and the epidemic spread of infection.

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Section: Research Articlesupporting

confidence: 77%

The development of pathogen resistance in Daphnia magna: implications for disease spread in age-structured populations

Garbutt

O'Donoghue

McTaggart

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Importantly, a similar priming of the immune system has now been repeatedly observed in invertebrates that lack the 'adaptive' system, e.g. the crustacean copepod Macrocyclops albicans (Kurtz & Franz 2003), the crustacean water flea D. magna (Little et al 2003), the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (Sadd et al 2005;Sadd & Schmid-Hempel 2006), the beetles Tenebrio molitor (Moret 2006) and Tribolium castaneum (Roth et al 2008) and the fruitfly D. melanogaster (Pham et al 2007). The underlying molecular mechanisms are currently unknown.…”

Section: Immunological Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction. Ecological immunology

Schulenburg¹,

Kurtz

Moret

et al. 2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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234

186

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An organism's fitness is critically reliant on its immune system to provide protection against parasites and pathogens. The structure of even simple immune systems is surprisingly complex and clearly will have been moulded by the organism's ecology. The aim of this review and the theme issue is to examine the role of different ecological factors on the evolution of immunity. Here, we will provide a general framework of the field by contextualizing the main ecological factors, including interactions with parasites, other types of biotic as well as abiotic interactions, intraspecific selective constraints (life-history trade-offs, sexual selection) and population genetic processes. We then elaborate the resulting immunological consequences such as the diversity of defence mechanisms (e.g. avoidance behaviour, resistance, tolerance), redundancy and protection against immunopathology, life-history integration of the immune response and shared immunity within a community (e.g. social immunity and microbiota-mediated protection). Our review summarizes the concepts of current importance and directs the reader to promising future research avenues that will deepen our understanding of the defence against parasites and pathogens.

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“…There have been a number of studies demonstrating that immune priming provides protection to bacteria both within generation (e.g. [14,15]) and transgenerationally (e.g. [11,33,34]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within and transgenerational immune priming in an insect to a DNA virus

2010

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Invertebrates mount a sophisticated immune response with the potential to exhibit a form of immune memory through ‘priming’. Increased immune protection following early exposure to bacteria has been found both later in life (within generation priming) and in the next generation (transgeneration priming) in a number of invertebrates. However, it is unclear how general immune priming is and whether immune priming occurs in response to different parasites, including viruses. Here, using Plodia interpuctella (Lepidoptera) and its natural DNA virus, Plodia interpunctella granulosis virus, we find evidence for both within generation and transgeneration immune priming. Individuals previously exposed to low doses of virus, as well as the offspring of exposed individuals, are subsequently less susceptible to viral challenge. Relatively little is known about the mechanisms that underpin viral immunity but it is probable that the viral immune response is somewhat different to that of bacteria. We show that immune priming may, however, be a characteristic of both responses, mediated through different mechanisms, suggesting that immune memory may be a general phenomenon of insect immunity. This is important because immune priming may influence both host–parasite population and evolutionary dynamics.

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Strain-specific priming of resistance in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum

Cited by 228 publications

References 44 publications

The development of pathogen resistance in Daphnia magna: implications for disease spread in age-structured populations

The development of pathogen resistance in Daphnia magna: implications for disease spread in age-structured populations

Introduction. Ecological immunology

Within and transgenerational immune priming in an insect to a DNA virus

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