Strains of Phytophthora infestans from Switzerland with A2 mating type behaviour

Hohl, Hans R.; Iselin, Katja

doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(84)80057-1

Cited by 191 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Although in 1958 common appearance of both mating types was reported for the first time (GALLEGLY & GALINDO 1958), until the 1980s only mating type A1 was known all over the world. In Europe the first report of occurrence of mating type A2 comes from the Switzerland (HOHL & ISELIN 1984), then from England and Wales (GUNN 1990). Subsequently the appearance of mating type A2 was confirmed in many countries of Europe, e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and distribution of mating types A1 and A2 of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in the Czech Republic

Mazáková¹,

Táborský²,

Zouhar³

et al. 2006

Plant Prot. Sci.

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MAZÁKOVÁ J., TÁBORSKÝ V., ZOUHAR M., RYŠÁNEK P., HAUSVATER E., DOLEŽAL P. They were analysed for mating type using the conventional pairing assay and PCR markers; 107 isolates were of A1 and 92 of A2 mating type. No self-fertile isolate was found. Our study is the first report of the presence and distribution of the A2 mating type of P. infestans in the Czech Republic. The co-existence of the two mating types may enable the pathogen to reproduce sexually, thus enhancing the diversity of its population countrywide.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and distribution of mating types A1 and A2 of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in the Czech Republic

Mazáková¹,

Táborský²,

Zouhar³

et al. 2006

Plant Prot. Sci.

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“…The appearance of the A2 mating type of P. infestans in Europe was reported in 1984 (Hohl and Iselin, 1984). This set off mating type surveys all over the world and was soon followed by reports showing that the A2 mating type had spread not only to Europe but worldwide (e.g., Malcolmson, 1985;Shaw et al, 1985;Tantius et al, 1986;Kadir and Umaerus, 1987;Mosa et al, 1989).…”

Section: Mating Type Distributionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Role of Oospores in the Epidemiology of Potato Late Blight

Andersson¹,

Widmark²,

Yuen³

et al. 2009

Acta Hortic.

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Potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) is a plant disease feared globally by farmers and the potato industry. P. infestans is a heterothallic oomycete with two mating types. Until recently the pathogen was limited to surviving between seasons as living mycelia in its host plant in most parts of the world. This was due to the fact that populations of P. infestans consisted of only one mating type (A1) in all parts of the world except Mexico, the putative centre of origin of the pathogen. Migration of new genotypes from Mexico, including genotypes of the second mating type (A2) has resulted in that now both mating types can be found worldwide. The formation of oospores is only possible if both mating types coexist. Oospores will give the pathogen the ability of surviving for extended periods of time outside its host, for example in the soil. There are reports of oospore formation under field conditions from many parts of the world. Also, in some places oospores are considered as a new, additional inoculum source and as a consequence the onset of late blight epidemics have become earlier. Oospores are formed through sexual recombination. If they act as a source of inoculum, this will increase the genotypic variation in populations of P. infestans leading to an enhanced adaptability of the pathogen. As a consequence, an earlier start of epidemics caused by oospores in the soil and a more aggressive behaviour of the pathogen due to new sexually formed genotypes could make potato late blight even more difficult to control in the future.

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“…The continued spread of the P. infestans US-1 genotype in the nineteenth century subsequently led to the worldwide distribution of late blight (Fry et al 1993). Prior to the 1980s, the only clonal lineage detected in potato-growing areas outside of Mexico consisted exclusively of the US-1 genotype or "old population", which had the A1 mating type (Hohl and Iselin 1984;Goodwin et al 1994b). Therefore, in most parts of the world, P. infestans populations were limited to asexual reproduction (Fry and Goodwin 1997a).…”

Section: Evolution Of Late Blight Populations In United States and Camentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This P. infestans genotype is often observed infecting potato and tomato fruit in field samples. Europe (Hohl and Iselin 1984;Spielman et al 1991), Asia (Mosa et al 1993), and North America (Fry et al 1993).…”

Section: Evolution Of Late Blight Populations In United States and Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Management of the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen Phytophthora Infestans in Canada and the United States

et al. 2014

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Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is the most historically significant and economically destructive disease of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). In addition to potato, P. infestans can also infect tomato and some other members of the Solanaceae, and this has contributed to the recent late blight epidemic in Canada and the United States. Propagation of P. infestans in Canada and the United States has been mainly through asexual reproduction and this has led to the development of several dominant clonal lineages. Various P. infestans markers have been developed that are invaluable in monitoring the evolution and movement of these P. infestans genotypes. Population diversity and disease incidence has increased through the development of systemic fungicide insensitivity and the transcontinental shipment of the pathogen on late blight infected potato tubers and tomato plantlets. Introduction of the P. infestans A2 mating type to several regions of Canada and the United States has also increased the opportunity for sexual reproduction and recombination, potentially contributing to greater P. infestans genetic diversity and pathogenicity. Advances in P. infestans molecular analysis have revealed a complex pathogen with a genome capable of evolving relatively quickly. Management of late blight will therefore require new, multifaceted strategies which include monitoring pathogen evolution and implementing sustainable production practices.Resumen El tizón tardío, causado por Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, es la enfermedad históricamente más significativa y económicamente destructiva de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.). Además de la papa, P. infestans también puede infectar tomate y a otros miembros de la familia Solanaceae, y esto ha contribuido a la reciente epidemia de tizón tardío en Canadá y los Estados Unidos. La propagación de P.infestans en estos dos países ha sido principalmente mediante reproducción asexual, lo que ha conducido al desarrollo de varias líneas clonales dominantes. Se han desarrollado varios marcadores para P. infestans que son invaluables en el seguimiento de la evolución y movimiento de estos genotipos de P. infestans. La diversidad de la población y la incidencia de la enfermedad han aumentado por vía del desarrollo de la insensibilidad a fungicidas sistémicos y del envío transcontinental del patógeno en tubérculos de papa infectados con tizón tardío y en plántulas de tomate. La introducción del tipo de compatibilidad A2 de P. infestans a varias regiones de Canadá y Estados Unidos también ha incrementado la oportunidad de reproducción sexual y recombinación, contribuyendo, potencialmente, a una mayor diversidad genética y patogenicidad de P. infestans. Avances en los análisis moleculares de P. infestans han revelado a un patógeno complejo con un genomio capaz de evolucionar relativamente rápido. El manejo del tizón tardío, entonces, requerirá de nuevas estrategias multifacéticas que incluyan monitoreo de la evolución del patógeno y la implementación de prá...

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Strains of Phytophthora infestans from Switzerland with A2 mating type behaviour

Cited by 191 publications

References 2 publications

Occurrence and distribution of mating types A1 and A2 of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in the Czech Republic

Occurrence and distribution of mating types A1 and A2 of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in the Czech Republic

The Role of Oospores in the Epidemiology of Potato Late Blight

Evolution and Management of the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen Phytophthora Infestans in Canada and the United States

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