Strangeness chemical potential from the baryons relative to the kaons particle ratios

Tawfik, A.; Wahab, Magda Abdel; Yassin, Hayam; Elyazeed, Eman R. Abo; Din, Hadeer M. Nasr El

doi:10.1142/s021830131750046x

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 68 publications

(117 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the HRG model; an ideal gas of point-like hadrons characterized by the Hagedorn mass spectrum which is consisting of a discrete (so-far measured) and a continuous (still missing hadron states), various higher-order thermodynamic quantities have been analyzed 60 . In a previous study 61 , one of the authors (AT) concluded that the missing states are not considerably contributing to the lower-order thermodynamic quantities, especially the first-order ones, the particle number or the particle multiplicity. Thus, the inclusion of missing states would not improve the thermal model capability in reproducing the horn-like structure of the K + /π + ratio.…”

Section: /19mentioning

confidence: 99%

K+/π+ horn: appropriate statistics for dynamical nonequilibrium nonextensive particle production

Tawfik

Yassin

Elyazeed

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We suggest that the incapability of the thermal models in reproducing the horn-like structure of the Kaon-to-pion ratios measured at AGS, SPS, and RHIC energies and then confirmed in the Beam Energy Scan programs is likely emerged from an ad hoc utilization of inappropriate types of statistics, either extensive additive Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) or the Tsallis-type of nonextensivity. In this regard, we emphasize that any suggested statistical approach for the dynamical and likely nonequilibrium nonextensive particle production, for example, Kaon and pion yields, should not necessarily remain valid over the whole range of the collision energies. We claim that generic (non)extensive statistics with two equivalence classes (c,d) is the most suitable statistical approach to replace all those assumptions and conjectures. Accordingly, the statistical ensemble itself becomes autonomously capable to determine its degree of extensivity or nonextensivity, where these are not necessarily limited to BG orTsallis. The generic approach covers the entire (c,d)-space, in which both extensive BG and nonextensive Tsallis statistics are characterized by distinct equivalence classes, (1,1) and (0,q), respectively. The energy dependence of the light-, γq, and strange-quark occupation factor, γs, indicates that the produced particles are best described as a nonequilibrium ensemble, where the remarkable nonmonotonic behavior associating the horn-structure of K+/π+ ratio is qualitatively reproduced. On other hand, the resulting equivalence classes (c,d) refer to a generic nonextensivity associated with an extended exponential and a Lambert-W0 exponentially generating distribution function, which obviously emerge from free, short- and long-range correlations over the wide range of the collision energies. With this generic statistical approach, the hadron resonance gas model, ideal thermal model, excellently reproduces the K+/π+ ratio, including its nonmonotonic horn-like structure. Therefore, we conclude that the utilization of any specific type of extensive or nonextensive statistics must be strictly aligned to the statistical nature of the underlying ensemble, otherwise, the price to be paid becomes unexpectedly huge. Such a universal conclusion apparently goes beyond the reproduction of the horn-like structure of K+/π+ ratio or particle physics to all possible statistical implications either on stock markets or economy or sociology or biological evolution or weather prediction, etc. This brings about the great deal of the present paper.

show abstract

Section: /19mentioning

confidence: 99%

K+/π+ horn: appropriate statistics for dynamical nonequilibrium nonextensive particle production

Tawfik

Yassin

Elyazeed

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Collision Energy Dependence of Particle Ratios and Freeze-out Parameters in Ultra Relativistic Nucleus Nucleus Collisions

Mohi Ud Din,

Mir,

Rather

et al. 2025

Nuclear Physics A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An appropriate statistical approach for non-equilibrium particle production

Tawfik,

Elyazeed,

Alshehri

et al. 2024

Mod. Phys. Lett. B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The incapability of thermal models to accurately reproduce the horn-like structure of the Kaon-to-pion ratio measured at AGS, SPS, and low RHIC energies, as well as confirmed in the beam energy scan program, has long been a persistent problem. This issue is believed to have arisen due to the inappropriate application of statistics, particularly the extensive additive Boltzmann–Gibbs (BG) statistics. The assumption that the analysis of particle production, a dynamic non-equilibrium process, should be primarily conducted using extensive BG or non-extensive Tsallis statistics, has proven to be an unsuccessful approach that has been followed for several decades. By employing generic (non)extensive statistics, two equivalence classes [Formula: see text] emerge, thereby undermining the validity of any ad hoc assumption. Consequently, the degree of (non)extensivity exhibited by the statistical ensemble is determined by its own characteristics. This encompasses both extensive BG statistics, characterized by [Formula: see text], and non-extensive Tsallis statistics, characterized by [Formula: see text]. The energy dependence of light-, [Formula: see text], and strange-quark occupation factor, [Formula: see text], suggests that the produced particles are most appropriately described as a non-equilibrium ensemble. This is evidenced by a remarkable non-monotonic behavior observed in the [Formula: see text] horn, for instance. On the other hand, the resulting equivalence classes [Formula: see text] are associated with a generic non-extensivity related to extended exponential and Lambert-[Formula: see text] exponentially generating distribution function, which evidently arise from free, short- and long-range correlations. The incorporation of generic non-extensive statistics into the hadron resonance gas model yields an impressive ability to rightfully reproduce the non-monotonic [Formula: see text] ratio.

show abstract

Strangeness chemical potential from the baryons relative to the kaons particle ratios

Cited by 3 publications

References 68 publications

K+/π+ horn: appropriate statistics for dynamical nonequilibrium nonextensive particle production

K+/π+ horn: appropriate statistics for dynamical nonequilibrium nonextensive particle production

Collision Energy Dependence of Particle Ratios and Freeze-out Parameters in Ultra Relativistic Nucleus Nucleus Collisions

An appropriate statistical approach for non-equilibrium particle production

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About