Stranger rape; distinctions between the typical rape type and other types of rape. A study based on data from Center for Victims of Sexual Assault

Friis-Rødel, Anne Mie; Leth, Peter Mygind; Astrup, Birgitte Schmidt

doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2021.102159

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…As for the perpetrators, we must highlight the fact that, in the case of NPSV, almost half the perpetrators are men from the victim's immediate circle. Previous studies and reports have indicated that only between 18.6% and 22.0% of rapes are committed by strangers [41,42] and that most assaults occur in the victim's or the perpetrator's home, which confirms that perpetrators are people the victim knows [18]. This should lead us to reconsider the myth of the attacker in a dark alley and help us to understand, in part, the low number of complaints for NPSV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Frequency, Types, and Manifestations of Partner Sexual Violence, Non-Partner Sexual Violence and Sexual Harassment: A Population Study in Spain

Pastor‐Moreno

Ruíz-Pérez

Sordo

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: This study analyzes the frequency and sociodemographic characteristics associated with sexual violence by a partner/ex-partner (PSV), someone other than a partner or ex-partner (NPSV), or sexual harassment (SH). Methods: The study is based on the 2019 Macro-survey of Violence against Women conducted by the Spanish Ministry of Equality among a sample of 9568 women age 16 or more years. Odds Ratios were calculated and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Forty-four women had suffered some kind of sexual violence over their lifetime, 9.2% had experienced PSV, 6.5% NPSV and 40.4% SH. More than 7% of women had been raped by a partner and 2.2% by another man. In the three groups, violence was associated with lower age and having a certified disability. NPSV and SH were significantly associated with a higher education and internet use. In NPSV, 9.2% of cases were reported to the police and 3.9% were reported to the courts. In SH, 91.7% of women told a family member or a close friend and 4.2% reported it to the police or the courts. Conclusions: A greater emphasis needs to be placed on reporting sexual violence in its various forms. Rape within intimate partnerships ought to be investigated and studied in greater depth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Frequency, Types, and Manifestations of Partner Sexual Violence, Non-Partner Sexual Violence and Sexual Harassment: A Population Study in Spain

Pastor‐Moreno

Ruíz-Pérez

Sordo

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…However, given that RASSO and DA offences are typically underreported, there may be other factors to consider. Rape offences, for example, are more likely to be reported when it adheres to a 'rape stereotype', that is, if the rapist is, say, a stranger with no previous contact, or if there has been weapon use or violence (Friis-Rødel et al, 2021). The fact that significantly fewer stranger RASSO crimes were reported is in line with decreased victim availability in locations where an offender may target strangers, however, this does not tell us whether these offenders have moved targeting other types of victims who may feel less able to report a sexual offence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on reporting of rape, serious sexual offences, and domestic abuse in one English police force

Spence

Horvath

Dalton

et al. 2022

Journal of Gender-Based Violence

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Research suggests that during the COVID-19 pandemic reports of rapes and serious sexual offences to the authorities have declined while calls to domestic violence helplines have soared. This article focuses on the impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on reporting to the police in cases of rape, serious sexual offences and domestic abuse in one police force in England. Data from the force’s crime reporting system was provided from 2018 to 2021, including over 10,000 reports of rapes and serious sexual offences and over 5,000 reports of domestic abuse. An Interrupted Time Series analysis was used to evaluate the impact of lockdown on reporting rates, with segmented regression to measure the changes in reporting before and after the start of the pandemic in March 2020. This article is the first of its kind to explore the impact of COVID-19 on sexual and domestic violence at more than an aggregate level, demonstrating how COVID-19 has had a variable impact on different groups of victims, and how stay at home orders specifically have impacted on reporting rates. These data provide novel and valuable insights into the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the reporting of sexual violence and domestic abuse.<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>Rape and serious sexual offences (RASSO) reporting significantly decreased and reports of DA offences significantly increased during the pandemic, with periods of lockdown significantly exacerbating these trends.</li><br /><li>Sexual offences against children aged 13–15 and against strangers significantly decreased during the pandemic.</li></ul>

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“…While the variable- and person-oriented approaches constitute different inroads to assault categorization there are also clear linkages between the two approaches. The selection of latent class indicators in person-oriented analyses is generally informed by research within the variable-oriented approach; examples include research on how sexual assaults vary according to the victim-perpetrator relationship (Friis-Rødel et al, 2021; Tarzia, 2021), the type and degree of force used (Fedina et al, 2018), and whether alcohol or drugs were involved (O’Callaghan & Ullman, 2022). However, the use of person-oriented analyses to categorize sexual assault in youth is relatively novel; so far, no consensus has been reached regarding what empirical data should be included in the analyses.…”

Section: Categorizations Of Sexual Assaultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing Types of Sexual Assault Among Young People: A Latent Class Analysis Approach

Frøyland,

Stefansen,

Andersen

2023

YOUNG

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Scientific evidence on the incident-specific characteristics of sexual assault during youth is limited. Using latent class analysis, this article contributes to this research agenda by (1) developing a typology of sexual assaults by both peers and adults and (2) examining how assault types are associated with adverse life outcomes. The analysis is based on 1,402 cases of sexual assault reported in two population-based surveys among 18–19-year-olds in Norway. Six latent classes of assault were identified: (1) peer sexual contact while intoxicated (33.3%), (2) peer sexual penetration while intoxicated (25.5%), (3) severe violent assault by peer (15.1%), (4) assault in romantic relationship (13.0%), (5) severe pressure by younger adult (7.4%) and (6) assault by older adult (5.7%). All assault types were related to adverse outcomes in the realms of mental and physical health, social relationships and substance use, with the most adverse outcomes in the class containing severe violent assaults.

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Stranger rape; distinctions between the typical rape type and other types of rape. A study based on data from Center for Victims of Sexual Assault

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Frequency, Types, and Manifestations of Partner Sexual Violence, Non-Partner Sexual Violence and Sexual Harassment: A Population Study in Spain

Frequency, Types, and Manifestations of Partner Sexual Violence, Non-Partner Sexual Violence and Sexual Harassment: A Population Study in Spain

Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on reporting of rape, serious sexual offences, and domestic abuse in one English police force

Distinguishing Types of Sexual Assault Among Young People: A Latent Class Analysis Approach

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