“…Strangulation is a painful experience (Turkel, 2010) and may cause immediate symptoms such as loss of consciousness and loss of sphincter control; however, symptoms may appear days and even weeks afterwards, including bruises, brain injury, bleeding, stroke, difficulty swallowing, memory loss, and internal injuries that may result in death (Armstrong & Strack, 2016; Joshi et al, 2012; Scannell, MacDonald, & Foster, 2017; Wilbur et al, 2001). The seriousness of nonfatal strangulation in the context of domestic violence has been further supported by studies that have shown a link between experiencing nonfatal strangulation during a domestically violent relationship and an increased likelihood of intimate partner homicide (Campbell, Glass, Sharps, Laughon, & Bloom, 2007; Glass et al, 2008).…”