“…Many of these questions have begun to be investigated in clinical practice and research. Building on the initial clinical recommendations of McClane, Strack, and Hawley (2001), further recommendations on best practices for clinical evaluation and treatment have been developed (Faugno et al, 2013;Funk & Schuppel, 2003;Plattner et al, 2005), as well as an expansion of forensic and medical research into injury detection techniques for specific modalities or using specific diagnostic technologies like MRI (Christe et al, 2010;Clarot et al, 2005;Davison & Williams, 2012;Mitchell, Roach, Tyberg, Belenkie, & Sheldon, 2012;Yamasaki, Takase, Takada, & Nishi, 2009). In a clinical sample of 101 women presenting to a Dallas victim intervention center and emergency facilities, Smith and colleagues (2001) classified patients by the number of reported strangulation events, suggesting a cumulative ''dose-related'' effect of multiple strangulation events leading to presentation of more serious symptoms.…”