Stratal Architecture and Temporal Evolution of a Passive Margin Mass-Transport Deposit, Neoproterozoic Isaac Formation, Cariboo Mountains, British Columbia, Canada

Arnott, R. W. C.; Wallace, K.; Laurin, J.

doi:10.2110/sepmsp.096.221

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Other onshore outcrops of large‐scale deep‐sea MTDs are reported in the previous studies (Nilsen, Shew, Steffens, & Studlick, ; Shipp, Weimer, & Posamentier, ). MTD1 is characterized by the dominance of mudstone blocks and a thickness up to 100 m. These features are similar to those of other well‐exposed deep‐water MTDs in the Neoproterozoic Isaac Formation in British Columbia, Canada (Arnott, Wallace, & Laurin, ), the Upper Cretaceous–Paleocene Akkeshi Formation in Hokkaido Island, Japan (Naruse & Otsubo, ), and in the Upper Miocene Mohakatino and Mount Messenger Formations in north Taranaki, New Zealand (King et al, ). Unit 8 of the MTD in the Neoproterozoic Isaac Formation is 22–55 m thick, and consists of mudstone blocks with intercalated thin‐bedded turbidite sandstone, without exotic clasts (Arnott et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Distribution, age, and origin of a submarine landslide deposit in the Pleistocene Kiwada Formation, forearc basin fill on the Boso Peninsula, east‐central Japan: Constraints from tephro‐ and biostratigraphy

Utsunomiya

2018

Island Arc

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A mass‐transport deposit named MTD1 (up to 100 m in thickness) is intercalated in the upper Kiwada Formation, a Pleistocene forearc basin fill on the Boso Peninsula, east‐central Japan. The present study aims to examine the origin, age, and distribution of MTD1. MTD1 consists mainly of mudstone blocks containing thin very fine‐ to medium‐grained sandstones, and ranges from tens of centimeters to more than tens of meters in length and thickness. Correlation of marker tuff beds and application of the biostratigraphy of calcareous nannofossils suggest that the blocks in MTD1 were derived from the underlying strata. The total thickness of the stratified blocks from the different stratigraphic horizons exceeds 60 m, implying that MTD1 originated from deeply‐excavated slope failure. The slope failure occurred in a short time interval at ca 1.3 Ma. MTD1 provides an estimate of the height of the escarpment on the basis of the stratigraphic origin of the blocks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Distribution, age, and origin of a submarine landslide deposit in the Pleistocene Kiwada Formation, forearc basin fill on the Boso Peninsula, east‐central Japan: Constraints from tephro‐ and biostratigraphy

Utsunomiya

2018

Island Arc

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“…In the Cariboo Mountains of the southern Canadian Cordillera, deep‐marine strata of the Windermere Supergroup form a sedimentary pile over 5 km thick and consist, in part, of rocks of the Kaza Group and Isaac Formation (Campbell et al ., ; Ross et al ., ). Stratigraphic aspects of the Kaza Group and Isaac Formation have been described previously by other authors (Arnott, ,b; Meyer & Ross, ; Navarro et al ., ; Schwarz & Arnott, ; Arnott et al ., ; Khan & Arnott, ). Rocks of the Kaza Group comprise sheet‐like sandstones and mudstones deposited on the basin floor (Meyer & Ross, ).…”

Section: Regional and Local Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rocks of the Kaza Group comprise sheet‐like sandstones and mudstones deposited on the basin floor (Meyer & Ross, ). These, in turn, are overlain conformably by base of slope mass‐transport deposits, fine‐grained turbidites, channelized sandstones and associated levées of the Isaac Formation (Navarro et al ., ; Schwarz & Arnott, ; Arnott et al ., ; Khan & Arnott, ; Khan et al ., ). Together, the Kaza–Isaac succession forms part of a several kilometre thick, upward‐shoaling sedimentary pile related to progradation of the palaeo‐continental margin of present‐day western North America (Ross, ; Ross & Arnott, ).…”

Section: Regional and Local Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix‐rich and associated matrix‐poor sandstones: Avulsion splays in slope and basin‐floor strata

Terlaky

Arnott

2014

Sedimentology

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A common facies observed in deep‐water slope and especially basin‐floor rocks of the Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup (British Columbia, Canada) is structureless, coarse‐tail graded, medium‐grained to coarse‐grained sandstone with from 30% to >50% mud matrix content (i.e. matrix‐rich). Bed contacts are commonly sharp, flat and loaded. Matrix‐rich sandstone beds typically form laterally continuous units that are up to several metres thick and several tens to hundreds of metres wide, and commonly adjacent to units of comparatively matrix‐poor, scour‐based sandstone beds with large tabular mudstone and sandstone clasts. Matrix‐rich units are common in proximal basin‐floor (Upper Kaza Group) deposits, but occur also in more distal basin‐floor (Middle Kaza Group) and slope (Isaac Formation) deposits. Regardless of stratigraphic setting, matrix‐rich units typically are directly and abruptly overlain by architectural elements comprising matrix‐poor coarse sandstone (i.e. channels and splays). Despite a number of similarities with previously described matrix‐rich beds in the literature, for example slurry beds, linked debrites and co‐genetic turbidites, a number of important differences exist, including the stratal make‐up of individual beds (for example, the lack of a clean sandstone turbidite base) and their stratigraphic occurrence (present throughout base of slope and basin‐floor strata, but most common in proximal lobe deposits) and accordingly suggest a different mode of emplacement. The matrix‐rich, poorly sorted nature of the beds and the abundance and size of tabular clasts in laterally equivalent sandstones imply intense upstream scouring, most probably related to significant erosion by an energetic plane‐wall jet or within a submerged hydraulic jump. Rapid energy loss coupled with rapid charging of the flow with fine‐grained sediment probably changed the rheology of the flow and promoted deposition along the margins of the jet. Moreover, these distinctive matrix‐rich strata are interpreted to represent the energetic initiation of the local sedimentary system, most probably caused by a local upflow avulsion.

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“…These deposits have been discussed in detail in Arnott et al . () and, for these reasons, are largely omitted from the following descriptions and discussion.…”

Section: Facies Descriptions and Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratal composition and stratigraphic organization of stratal elements in an ancient deep‐marine basin‐floor succession, Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup, British Columbia, Canada

2015

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Stratal composition and stratigraphic organization of stratal elements in an ancient deep-marine basin-floor succession, Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup, British Columbia, Canada ABSTRACT Despite a globally growing seismic and outcrop analogue data set, the detailed (centimetre to decametre) internal stratal make up of deep-marine basin-floor 'channelized-lobe' strata remain poorly known. An ancient analogue for modern, mixed-sediment, passive margin, deep-marine basin-floor fans is the wellpreserved Neoproterozoic Upper and Middle Kaza groups in the southern Canadian Cordillera. This succession is a few kilometres thick and comprises six sedimentary facies representing deposition from different kinds of sediment-gravity flows. Representative lateral and vertical assemblages of one or more of these facies comprise six stratal elements, including: isolated scours, avulsion splays, feeder channels, distributary channels, terminal splays, and distal and off-axis fine-grained turbidite units. The internal characteristics of the various stratal elements do not differ from more distal to more proximal settings, but the relative abundance of the various stratal elements does. The difference in relative abundance of stratal elements in the kilometre-scale stratigraphy of the Kaza Group results in a systematic upward change in architecture. The systematic arrangement of the stratal elements within the interpreted larger bodies, or lobes, and then lobes within the basin-floor fan, suggests a hierarchical organization. In this article a hierarchy is proposed that is based on avulsion but, also importantly, the location of avulsion. The proposed avulsion-based hierarchical scheme will be a useful tool to bridge the scalar gap between outcrop and seismic studies by providing a single stratigraphic framework and terminology for basin-floor stratal elements.

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Stratal Architecture and Temporal Evolution of a Passive Margin Mass-Transport Deposit, Neoproterozoic Isaac Formation, Cariboo Mountains, British Columbia, Canada

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Distribution, age, and origin of a submarine landslide deposit in the Pleistocene Kiwada Formation, forearc basin fill on the Boso Peninsula, east‐central Japan: Constraints from tephro‐ and biostratigraphy

Distribution, age, and origin of a submarine landslide deposit in the Pleistocene Kiwada Formation, forearc basin fill on the Boso Peninsula, east‐central Japan: Constraints from tephro‐ and biostratigraphy

Matrix‐rich and associated matrix‐poor sandstones: Avulsion splays in slope and basin‐floor strata

Stratal composition and stratigraphic organization of stratal elements in an ancient deep‐marine basin‐floor succession, Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup, British Columbia, Canada

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