Strategi Pengembangan Agribisnis Bawang Merah di Kabupaten Solok (Shallot Agribusiness Development Strategy in Solok Regency)

Abstract

<p>Kabupaten Solok dicanangkan sebagai salah satu sentra produksi bawang merah untuk mengimbangi sentra produksi utama di Pulau Jawa yang produksinya selalu berfluktuasi. Beberapa kelebihan dan kekurangan dimiliki oleh Kabupaten Solok dalam mengembangkan potensinya sebagai sentra bawang merah nasional. Penelitian bertujuan untuk merumuskan strategi pengembangan Kabupaten Solok sebagai sentra bawang merah nasional. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Agustus hingga Desember 2017 bertempat di Kabupaten Solok. Data primer berupa atribut-atribut faktor internal kekuatan dan kelemahan serta faktor-faktor eksternal peluang dan ancaman diidentifikasi melalui Focussed Group Discussion (FGD) yang dilakukan dengan peserta para pemangku kepentingan di Kabupaten Solok sekaligus untuk melakukan kuantifikasi dari atribut-atribut yang telah teridentifikasi. Analisis dilakukan dengan pendekatan SWOT, yaitu menggunakan perhitungan IFE, EFE, matriks IE, matriks SPACE, dan matriks SWOT. Terdapat enam atribut kekuatan, delapan atribut kelemahan, enam atribut peluang, dan lima atribut ancaman. Perhitungan IFE dan EFE memperlihatkan bahwa faktor internal merupakan faktor yang paling dominan, dengan faktor kekuatan merupakan faktor yang paling dominan dibandingkan kelemahan. Posisi Kabupaten Solok dalam matriks IE dan matriks SPACE masing-masing berada dalam posisi jaga dan pertahankan serta mendukung strategi agresif. Strategi yang perlu diterapkan adalah strategi memaksimalkan kekuatan untuk menangkap peluang yang tersedia (S-O) di antaranya pengembangan teknologi PTT bawang merah spesifik lokasi, pengembangan teknologi pascapanen bawang merah, membuka pasar baru selain yang sudah ada, dan membina penangkar bawang merah. Beberapa dukungan teknologi dan inovasi Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian sebagai peluang yang tersedia juga perlu diterapkan untuk memaksimalkan kekuatan yang dimiliki Kabupaten Solok untuk berkembang sebagai sentra produksi bawang merah nasional.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Kabupaten Solok; Bawang merah; Strategi; SWOT</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Solok Regency is planned as one of the production centers of shallot to complement the main production centers on Java Island which production always fluctuating. Some advantages and disadvantages are owned by Solok in developing its potential. This study aims to formulating strategy to develop Solok Regency as a national shallot production center. The research was conducted from August till December 2017 at Solok District. Primary data such as internal factor attributes like strengths and weaknesses as well as external factors like opportunity and threat are identified through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) which conducted with participants of stakeholders in Solok to quantify the attributes that have been identified. The analysis then conducted with the SWOT approaches using IFE, EFE, IE matrix, SPACE matrix, and SWOT matrix. There are six attributes of strength, eight attributes of weakness, six attributes of opportunity, and five attributes of threat. The calculation of IFE and EFE shows that internal factor is the most dominant factor, with strength is the most dominant internal factor. The position of Solok Regency in IE is in a position to guard and defend while in the SPACE matrix the position of Solok Regency is to support an aggressive strategy. The strategies that needs to be implemented is strategy to maximize the power to capture the available opportunities (S-O) such as the development of location-specific shallot integrated crop management technology, the development of shallot post-harvest technology, create new markets other than existing ones, and develop shalot breeder. Some IAARD’s technology and innovation support as available opportunities also need to be applied to maximize the power of Solok to grow as a national production center for shallot.</p>

Investigating the entrepreneurial behaviour of farmers to encourage the development of horticultural agribusiness clusters: The case of shallot farmers in Solok Regency, West Sumatera

“…An example of innovative behaviour in efforts to increase the competitiveness of shallots in Solok is by producing processed shallots at the time of the peak harvest or when oversupply. The women's farmer community's postharvest technological innovations have resulted in processed products from shallots, including fried shallot and shallot essential oil [1]. The diversification of shallot products can provide additional income and reduce losses during the oversupply, which usually makes the price of shallots drop sharply.…”

“…The latent variable business performance (Y2) shows that the highest factor loading value is increased revenue, with 0.828. This shows that the business performance variable is more indicated through the factor of increasing revenue compared to increasing business scale and increasing competitiveness As the fact that in shallot farming in Solok, farmers are trying to increase their income by planting shallots three to four times a year, and to save production costs mulch for shallot cultivation is usually used three to four times, farmers are also independent in providing seeds [1]. Shallot farmers usually rotate with other vegetables, rice, and cultivate several plantation crops to reduce the risk of loss.…”

“…The shallot centres in this area have begun to expand widely since 2016. The development of the area also includes supplying shallots to cities on the island of Sumatra so that they are no longer dependent on production centres in Java [1]. 1063 (2022) 012038 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1063/1/012038 2 Solok Regency has several strengths to develop as a national shallot centre.…”

“…So far, shallot farmers have not been tempted by the high price of consumption of shallots for some time and have always set aside the rest of their harvest to be used as seeds for the next planting season, even though consumer prices have risen. In addition, farmers are also fanatical about local varieties in these production centres [1].…”

“…It is caused by the lack of efficiency in cultivating shallots, where private production costs are greater than the actual costs [2]. In addition, according to [1], there are threats in the development of shallots in Solok Regency, such as price fluctuations, the entry of imported shallots and other regional harvests, and increased production costs.…”