Strategic and automatic priming of semantic memory in alcoholic Korsakoff patients

Verfaellie, Mieke; Cermak, Laird S.; Blackford, Susan; Weiss, Susan

doi:10.1016/0278-2626(90)90049-t

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The qualitative differences in the results obtained with different tasks in normal subjects (e.g., Graf & Mandler, 1984), and the patterns of dissociation seen in a range of neuropsychological disorders, such as prosopagnosia, alexia, Korsakoff s syndrome, or blindsight (e.g., Renault, Signoret, Debruille, Breton, & Bolgert, 1989;Shallice & Saffran, 1986;Verfaellie, Cermak, Blackford, & Weiss, 1990;Volpe, LeDoux, & Gazzaniga, 1979;Weiskrantz, 1986), have documented the differences between implicit and explicit memory (see Schacter, 1987). Although it is still an unsettled issue whether implicit and explicit memory refer to different retrieval mechanisms (e.g., automatic vs. controlled processing) or to different underlying systems (e.g., procedural vs. declarative memory; Squire & Cohen, 1984), a growing body of data suggests that the distinction is useful (Schacter, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairments of Lexical-Semantic Processing in Aphasia: Evidence from the Processing of Lexical Ambiguities

1993

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Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics performed speeded lexical decisions on the third member of auditorily presented triplets consisting of two word primes followed by either a word or a nonword. In three of the four priming conditions, the second prime was a homonym with two unrelated meanings. The relation of the first prime and the target with the two meanings of the homonym was manipulated in the different priming conditions. The two readings of the ambiguous words either shared their grammatical form class (noun-noun ambiguities) or not (noun-verb ambiguities). The silent intervals between the members of the triplets were varied between 100, 500, and 1250 msec. Priming at the shortest interval is mainly attributed to automatic lexical processing, and priming at the longest interval is mainly due to forms of controlled lexical processing. For both Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics overall priming effects were obtained at ISIs of 100 and 500 msec, but not at an ISI of 1250 msec. This pattern of results is consistent with the view that both types of aphasics can automatically access the semantic lexicon, but might be impaired in integrating lexical-semantic information into the context. Broca's aphasics showed a specific impairment in selecting the contextually appropriate reading of noun-verb ambiguities, which is suggested to result from a failure either in the on-line morphological parsing of complex word forms into a stem and an inflection or in the on-line exploitation of the syntactic implications of the inflectional suffix. In a final experiment patients were asked to explicitly judge the semantic relations between a subset of the primes that were used in the lexical decision study. Wernicke's aphasics performed worse than both Broca's aphasics and normal controls, indicating a specific impairment for these patients in consciously operating on automatically accessed lexical-semantic information. ® 1993 Academic Press. Inc. This research was supported by a stipend from the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaften. I thank Colin Brown, Pienie Zwitserlood, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this article. Address reprint requests to Peter Hagoort,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairments of Lexical-Semantic Processing in Aphasia: Evidence from the Processing of Lexical Ambiguities

1993

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“…These include patients with Wernicke's Aphasia (e.g., Milberg & Blumstein, 1981), Alzheimer's disease (e.g., Nebes, Martin, & Horn, 1984), Korsakoffs syndrome (e.g., Verfaellie, Cermak, Blackford, & Weiss, 1990), Huntington's disease (e.g., Heindel, Salmon, Shults, Walicke, & Butters, 1989), as well as those with right-hemisphere damage (e.g., Beeman, 1993). These studies have contributed to current debate regarding possible deficits in semantic memory functioning among various patient groups (cf.…”

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confidence: 97%

“…Subjects may develop expectancies about the prime-target relationship that can inhibit responding to unrelated targets (Neely, 1991). Many, though not all (e.g., Verfaellie et al, 1990), priming studies involving patients with neuropsychological disorders have employed word lists that may have inadvertently elicited strategic processing. This problem arises when subjects are exposed to a high percentage of strongly associated primekarget word pairs and when there is a relatively long interval between the presentation of the prime and the onset of the target stimulus (stimulus onset asynchrony: SOA) (Neely, ploying a naming paradigm rather than a lexical decision task (Lorch, Balota, & Stamm, 1986;Neely, 1991).…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of a Brief Measure of Semantic Priming

Sayette

Hufford²,

Thorson³

1996

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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Neuropsychologists use a variety of stimuli to investigate semantic memory functioning. Methodological concerns limit interpretation of performance differences between patients and nonpatient controls. The present study describes the development of a brief measure of semantic memory. Results indicate that this measure of semantic priming provides a brief, yet sensitive, measure of semantic memory. It may prove useful for researchers interested in examining semantic memory processes in cognitively impaired individuals.

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“…Therefore, rather than an encoding deficit, the patients' explicit recollection deficit may have been responsible for the observed diminished performance. In line with this reasoning, Verfaellie, Cermak, Blackford, and Weiss (1990) provided evidence that Korsakoff patients show normal sensitivity to both associative and categorical relationships when tested implicitly. Moreover, Giovanello, Keane, and Verfaellie (2006) recently demonstrated that associative recognition in amnesic (Korsakoff) patients can be enhanced, to the extent that familiarity-based processes contribute to performance.…”

Section: Korsakoff's Syndromementioning

confidence: 65%

A cognitive neuropsychological approach to false memory: Korsakoff patients and the DRM paradigm

Damme

d’Ydewalle

2008

NEJP

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Although false memories have been studied extensively within the field of cognitive psychology, the role of cognitive neuropsychology in false memory research has been rather limited. Therefore, the present article aims at giving an integrated overview of both the neuropsychological study of amnesia and research on false memories. After considering some of the most important predecessors in the study of memory distortions/illusions, a listlearning paradigm designed to elicit and investigate false memories is described (i.e., the DRM paradigm), and theoretical accounts for the phenomenon are provided. Subsequently, the neuropsychological framework is presented, with an emphasis on Korsakoff patients' performance in the earlier described paradigm. Several experimental manipulations, as well as the results, are discussed and interpreted in the light of both encoding and retrieval factors. (Netherlands Journal of Psychology,

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Strategic and automatic priming of semantic memory in alcoholic Korsakoff patients

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Impairments of Lexical-Semantic Processing in Aphasia: Evidence from the Processing of Lexical Ambiguities

Impairments of Lexical-Semantic Processing in Aphasia: Evidence from the Processing of Lexical Ambiguities

Development of a Brief Measure of Semantic Priming

A cognitive neuropsychological approach to false memory: Korsakoff patients and the DRM paradigm

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