Strategic engineering of alkyl spacer length for a pH-tolerant lysosome marker and dual organelle localization

Biswas, Suprakash; Dutta, Tanoy; Silswal, Akshay; Bhowal, Rohit; Chopra, Deepak; Koner, Apurba Lal

doi:10.1039/d1sc00542a

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…22−27 To solve these problems, recently some new lysosomal probes based on nanoparticles, 28,29 polymers, 30 metal complexes, 31 aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecules, 32−35 and others 36−38 have been reported one after another (some of them are shown in Table S1). However, some shortcomings also exist in these new probes, such as poor cell permeability, 28,29 difficult synthesis, 33 poor biocompatibility, 34,37 and low water solubility. 31−35 With the deepening of lysosomal research, it is still very necessary to further develop new lysosomal probes, especially those with easy preparation, high photostability, long emission wavelength, high quantum yield, large Stokes shift, high-resolution imaging, and best use in a very low dose.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Several lysosomal trackers have been developed and commercialized, such as LysoTracker Green (LTG), LysoTracker Red (LTR), and other LysoSensor dyes, − which greatly promoted the study of lysosomes. However, these LysoTrackers/Sensors have some obvious limitations, such as narrow Stokes shift (LTG, 7 nm; LTR, 13 nm), poor photostability, high background fluorescence staining, and high sensitivity to pH within the normal lysosomal pH range, which restricts them for long-time and high-fidelity lysosomal tracking. − To solve these problems, recently some new lysosomal probes based on nanoparticles, , polymers, metal complexes, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecules, − and others − have been reported one after another (some of them are shown in Table S1). However, some shortcomings also exist in these new probes, such as poor cell permeability, , difficult synthesis, poor biocompatibility, , and low water solubility. − With the deepening of lysosomal research, it is still very necessary to further develop new lysosomal probes, especially those with easy preparation, high photostability, long emission wavelength, high quantum yield, large Stokes shift, high-resolution imaging, and best use in a very low dose.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Real-Time and High-Fidelity Tracking of Lysosomal Dynamics with a Dicyanoisophorone-Based Fluorescent Probe

Hong

Xia

2021

Anal. Chem.

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The development of high-performance probes that can visualize and track the dynamic changes of lysosomes is very important for the in-depth study of lysosomes. Herein, we report that a dicyanoisophorone-based probe (named DCIP) can be used for high-fidelity imaging of lysosomes and lysosomal dynamics. DCIP can be easily prepared and shows strong far-red to near-infrared emissions centered at 653 nm in water with a huge Stokes shift (224 nm), high quantum yield (Φ = 0.15), high pKa value (∼8.79), and good biocompatibility. DCIP also shows good cell permeability and can label lysosomes rapidly with bright fluorescence without a time-consuming washing process before imaging. DCIP also possesses good photostability and negligible background, making it effective for long-term and high spatiotemporal resolution (0.44 s of exposure) imaging of lysosomes. Moreover, DCIP achieved high-fidelity tracking of lysosomal dynamics at an extremely low concentration (1 nM). Finally, we also demonstrated that DCIP could real-time track the interactions of lysosomes with other organelles (damaged mitochondria as a model) and image the drug-escape processes from lysosomes. All of the results show that DCIP holds broad prospects in lysosome-related research.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Real-Time and High-Fidelity Tracking of Lysosomal Dynamics with a Dicyanoisophorone-Based Fluorescent Probe

Hong

Xia

2021

Anal. Chem.

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“…Studies on the use of morpholine as a functional group for lysosome-targeting probes have been reported (Wan et al, 2014;Wu X. et al, 2017;He et al, 2017;Biswas et al, 2021;Mukherjee et al, 2021). For example, Wu et al synthesized CDs functionalized with a morpholine derivative (CDs-PEI-ML) to serve as a lysosomal probe (Wu L. et al, 2017).…”

Section: Morpholine-modified Cds For Lysosome Targetingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lighting up Individual Organelles With Fluorescent Carbon Dots

et al. 2021

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Cell organelles play crucial roles in the normal functioning of an organism, therefore the disruption of their operation is associated with diseases and in some cases death. Thus, the detection and monitoring of the activities within these organelles are of great importance. Several probes based on graphene oxide, small molecules, and other nanomaterials have been developed for targeting specific organelles. Among these materials, organelle-targeted fluorescent probes based on carbon dots have attracted substantial attention in recent years owing to their superior characteristics, which include facile synthesis, good photostability, low cytotoxicity, and high selectivity. The ability of these probes to target specific organelles enables researchers to obtain valuable information for understanding the processes involved in their functions and/or malfunctions and may also aid in effective targeted drug delivery. This review highlights recently reported organelle-specific fluorescent probes based on carbon dots. The precursors of these carbon dots are also discussed because studies have shown that many of the intrinsic properties of these probes originate from the precursor used. An overview of the functions of the discussed organelles, the types of probes used, and their advantages and limitations are also provided. Organelles such as the mitochondria, nucleus, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum have been the central focus of research to date, whereas the Golgi body, centrosome, vesicles, and others have received comparatively little attention. It is therefore the hope of the authors that further studies will be conducted in an effort to design probes with the ability to localize within these less studied organelles so as to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying their function.

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“…The microenvironmental cellular properties play an important role in biological function ( Chambers et al, 2018 ). The unusual changes of polarity, viscosity, potential difference, and membrane tension are associated with many disorders and diseases ( Yang et al, 2014 ; Pal et al, 2020 ; Biswas et al, 2021 ; Pal et al, 2021 ). The anomalous changes in cellular fluidity are considered as one of the vital indicators of neurodegenerative disorders, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and even cancer ( Junttila and de Sauvage, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later, the indole moiety is suitably functionalized with a well-explored lysosome targeting group morpholine ( JIND-Mor ) Scheme 1 . Morpholine-appended fluorescent probes are known to localize selectively inside lysosomal compartment due to its protophilic nature associated with the low p K a value in the range of 5–6 ( Wang et al, 2013 ; Li et al, 2018 ; Kong et al, 2019 ; Biswas et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fluorogenic Far Red-Emitting Molecular Viscometer for Ascertaining Lysosomal Stress in Live Cells and Caenorhabditis elegans

2022

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The cellular physiochemical properties such as polarity, viscosity, and pH play a critical role in cellular homeostasis. The dynamic change of lysosomal viscosity in live cells associated with different environmental stress remains enigmatic and needs to be explored. We have developed a new class of Julolidine-based molecular viscometers with an extended π-conjugation to probe the lysosomal viscosity in live cells. High biocompatibility, pH tolerance, and the fluorogenic response with far red-emission (>600 nm) properties make these molecular viscometers suitable for live-cell fluorescence imaging in Caenorhabditis elegans. Among these probes, JIND-Mor is specifically designed to target lysosomes via simple modification. The real-time monitoring of lysosomal viscosity change under cellular stress was achieved. We believe that such a class of molecule viscometers has the potential to monitor lysosomal health in pathogenic conditions.

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Strategic engineering of alkyl spacer length for a pH-tolerant lysosome marker and dual organelle localization

Abstract: Long-term visualization of the lysosomal properties is extremely crucial to evaluate their dysfunction-related diseases. However, many of the reported lysotrackers are less conducive to image lysosomes precisely because they suffer...

Cited by 35 publications

References 80 publications

Real-Time and High-Fidelity Tracking of Lysosomal Dynamics with a Dicyanoisophorone-Based Fluorescent Probe

Real-Time and High-Fidelity Tracking of Lysosomal Dynamics with a Dicyanoisophorone-Based Fluorescent Probe

Lighting up Individual Organelles With Fluorescent Carbon Dots

A Fluorogenic Far Red-Emitting Molecular Viscometer for Ascertaining Lysosomal Stress in Live Cells and Caenorhabditis elegans

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