This plan describes an approach for developing an ecological monitoring and assessment program (EMAP) for the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE'S) Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR). Such a program is required to assess existing ecological risks, to predict changes in those ecological risks from proposed remedial actions, and to monitor the effectiveness of remedial actions in reducing ecological risks. Ecological risk assessments must be based on Reservation-level data for those widespread or wide-ranging plant and animal species (including s tate-and federally-listed threatened and endangered species) that occupy the entire ORR. In recognition of this need, Region W of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has specifically requested that DOE develop a Reservation-wide monitoring and assessment program. The approach described herein was developed in a series of meetings among DOE, EPA, and the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation who are the three parties to the Federal Facilities Agreement (FFA) that governs environmental restoration activities on the ORR. The current strategy distinguishes four types of potentially contaminated areas: (1) source operable units (OUs), which may contain waste disposal areas, (2) groundwater aquifers that are potentially contaminated by source OUs, (3) aquatic integrator OUs which are streams and associated floodplains that drain source OUs, and (4) the terrestrial integrator, which encompasses the Reservation. Samples of earthworms, vegetation, and small mammals will be collected from the same areas as were used for the background soil characterization project. Analyses of these samples will be deferred until FY 1996. In addition regular surveys of roadkilled animals will be made to obtain opportunistic samples of organisms that could not otherwise be sampled. Analyses of these samples will also be deferred to FY 1996.