“…Even where the nature of plans have changed, the basic principles of the regulatory system tend to remain the same (see also CEC, 1997; Watson, 2007). This is cause for serious concern given the nature and scale of structural problems and challenges which places all over the world are now facing (see Albrechts et al., 2017; Cerreta et al., 2010; Healey, 1997a, 1997b; Moulaert et al., 2017; Young, 1990, 2000). Problems emerge out of the framing of particular issues as a problem, challenge, opportunity, whether by interest groups, citizens, planners, politicians, media or some combination.…”