Strategic transformation of regionalization for the agricultural comprehensive development: The example of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China

Abstract

Strategic transformation of regionalization for agricultural comprehensive development (ACD) was presented by the Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China (MOF) in 2014. The regionalization is the premise and basis of the sustainable development and improved competitiveness for agriculture. Based on the environmental resources related to agriculture, such as cropland, climate, water resources, terrain, geomorphology, patterns of the ACD projects, distribution of ecological planning, etc., we devised 13 indices using the geographic comprehensive regionalization method. The indices took into account a combination of dynamic and static, qualitative and quantitative, as well as agricultural and ecological factors. The strategic transformation of regionalization for the ACD in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China was performed; seven types were included: prioritized regions, prioritized and restricted regions, protected regions, protected and restricted regions, restricted and prioritized regions, restricted and protected regions, and restricted regions. A further 24 subtypes were used based on locations and ecological zones. The regionalization results showed that prioritized regions were mainly in northern Ningxia, the most suitable area for agriculture. The protected and restricted regions were in central and southern Ningxia. In the central part, drought was the limiting factor for agriculture, and water conservation projects there should be supported. The ecological environment is fragile in southern Ningxia, so there is a need for ecologically sound agriculture to be developed in this region. Such regionaliza-1676 Journal of Geographical Sciences tion could achieve two goals, namely agricultural conservation and eco-environmental protection. It was performed following the requirement for scientific regionalization to include three types of regions (prioritized regions, protected regions, and restricted regions), and was applied at the township scale in a provincial or autonomous region for the first time. The results provide both guidance for the strategic transformation of the ACD in Ningxia, and a reference for similar work in other provinces.

Identification of Urban Functional Areas Based on POI Data: A Case Study of the Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone

“…In recent years, geoscience big data based on Internet spatiotemporal mega data has brought new ideas and methods, helping us to understand and quantitatively analyze the spatial and temporal pattern characteristics of complex natural regions and socioeconomic systems [20][21][22][23][24][25]. For example, point of interest (POI) data provide a fast and effective alternative to the division of urban functional areas [24,[26][27][28][29].…”

A relict habitat became an isolated habitat in the Luoshan Nature Reserve from 1977 to 2017: Natural or man‐made disaster?

“…Finally, the Yan-Huan-Ding sub-project of the Pumping Yellow River Water Project led to large-scale salinization and alkalization (Yu and Wang, 2015). All of these problems have repeatedly raised red flags in the safety assessment of the fragile ecology of the LNR (Peng et al, 2015;Shi et al, 2015;Huang et al, 2017).…”

AN ENVIRONMENTAL RATIONALE: STRATEGIES TO RECONCILE THE GRADUATED INTEREST OF NORTHWESTERN CHINA’S ECO-MODERNIZATION PROGRAMS

“…目前世界上最大的退耕项目 [5] ，也是中国首批生态系统补偿项目之一。 该工程向农民提供5~8年生活所需的现金或粮食补偿，以期打破贫困与 生态退化之间的恶性循环(图3)。尽管成效显著，但也有人认为退耕 还林工程忽视了地方森林管理的长期努力以及地区差异 [6] 。 三北防护林工程主要由世界银行资助，建造周期为70年。该工程 在很大程度上坚持遵循国际标准及规范 [7] ，其项目补贴与其他拥有较少 或不同标准的生态工程相比可能存在巨大差异(图4)。 "1236"工程 是中国历史上最大的环境迁移工程，旨在将中国南部山区的100万贫困 人口迁居至200万亩的可灌溉土地之上。通过利用黄河水源进行灌溉， 原本一望无际的干旱土地有望被改造为农田。该工程的建设投资为30 亿元人民币，项目周期为6年(图5)。 [8] 退牧还草工程与退耕还林工程 类似，但它并未在牧民安置方面给予任何激励措施，而是将他们全部 迁出。牧民在出售牲畜后会得到补贴，而他们需迁居到新的安置点生 活10年之久(图6)。 [9] 3 农业综合发展下的分级权利 早在1960年，为了提高生产力，中国农业部就将中国西北地区大 致划分为三个区域，即限制区、保护区和优先区。这种区域划分体系 即为一种早期的分级权利，它在过去半个世纪里推动了中国生态现代 化项目的实施，并为上述环境工程及移民安置策略提供了指导 [10]…”

“…Back to 1960, China's Ministry of Agriculture, in order to increase productivity, defined three broad zones in northwestern China: restricted zone, protected zone, and prioritized zone, which is an early graduated interest. These zones have helped coordinate the implementation of China's eco-modernization programs over the last half century, and have guided the 5 programs and their rationales for resettlement [10] . Generally, the environment in the areas where NFPP and SLCP targeted is better.…”