Strategies among phytoplankton in response to alleviation of nutrient stress in a subtropical gyre

Lampe, Robert H.; Wang, Seaver; Cassar, Nicolas; Marchetti, Adrian

doi:10.1038/s41396-019-0489-6

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…The observed west to east transition from nanophytoplankton to picophytoplankton along 40°S (Browning et al, 2014) is coincident with a decline in Fe/PO 4 , Zn/PO 4 , Mn/PO 4 , Cd/PO 4 , and Co/PO 4 from west to east (Figure 5). New findings of diatoms in the subtropical North Atlantic (Lampe et al, 2019) are in agreement with elevated Si/PO 4 stocks we find in this region (Figure 5c). Overall, our results suggest that the broad resource regimes established in the Atlantic Ocean influence marine ecosystems.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Resource Availability and Entrainment Are Driven by Offsets Between Nutriclines and Winter Mixed‐Layer Depth

Rigby

Williams

Achterberg

et al. 2020

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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While phytoplankton play a key role in ocean biogeochemical cycles, the availability and supply pathways of resources that support their growth remain poorly constrained. Here, we show that the availability of various resources varies over several orders of magnitude throughout the Atlantic Ocean, causing regional contrasts in resource deficiency. Regional variations in the relative availability of nitrogen, phosphorous, silicon, iron, zinc, manganese, cobalt, and cadmium are important and result from the contrasts between winter mixing depths and differences in vertical profiles of the different resources. The winter-time thickening of the mixed layer may replenish or deplete resources via entrainment, depending on the vertical nutrient profile. For nutrients like nitrate, phosphate, and cadmium, entrainment is a consistent source term. While for others, such as manganese and iron, entrainment can reduce ocean resource availability, particularly in subtropical regions. Any future change to the depth of winter-time mixing will cause region-specific changes in relative availability of different resources that may have important ecological consequences.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The upper mixed layer is the key growth environment for marine phytoplankton and where biota thrive given sufficient resource availability. Changes in the resource supply are often invoked as a driver of variability in phytoplankton growth and primary production (Lampe et al, 2019; Marra et al, 1990; Okin et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource Availability and Entrainment Are Driven by Offsets Between Nutriclines and Winter Mixed‐Layer Depth

Rigby

Williams

Achterberg

et al. 2020

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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“…The induced phytoplankton blooms in this study were accompanied by changes in community structure. Several nutrient enrichment experiments conducted in the subtropical oceans have demonstrated significant increases in eukaryotic phytoplankton following nutrient enrichments, particularly of N (Bonnet et al, 2008;Moore et al, 2008;Mahaffey et al, 2012;Shilova et al, 2017;Rii et al, 2018;Lampe et al, 2019;Robidart et al, 2019). Similar blooms dominated by eukaryotic phytoplankton were also observed at most stations in this study as evidenced by the Tfuco increases (Fig.…”

Section: Espsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Several ship-based experimental studies indicate that deep water additions to subtropical surface waters have induced phytoplankton blooms (Mahaffey et al, 2012;Lampe et al, 2019;Robidart et al, 2019). These studies highlight the shifts in phytoplankton community structure, growth characteristics, and gene expression during the bloom development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Cross-basin differences in the nutrient assimilation characteristics of induced phytoplankton blooms in the subtropical Pacific waters

Hashihama¹,

Saito²,

Kodama³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. To better understand the nutrient assimilation characteristics of subtropical phytoplankton, deep water addition incubation experiments were carried out on surface waters collected at seven stations across the subtropical North and South Pacific Ocean. These deep water additions induced phytoplankton blooms with nutrient drawdown at all stations. The drawdown ratios of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to phosphate (PO4) varied from 14.1 to 29.6 at the PO4-replete stations in the central North Pacific (CNP) and eastern South Pacific (ESP). These ratios were similar to the range represented by the canonical Redfield ratio (16) through to typical particulate N:P ratios in the surface subtropical ocean (28). In contrast, lower DIN:PO4 drawdown ratios (8.0–12.9) were observed in induced blooms at the PO4-depleted stations in the western North Pacific (WNP). The DIN:PO4 drawdown ratios in the PO4-replete ESP were associated with eukaryote-dominated blooms, while those in PO4-depleted WNP were associated with eukaryotic and cyanobacterial blooms. The surplus PO4 assimilation, relative to DIN, by phytoplankton in the WNP was not expected based on their typical cellular N:P ratio, and was likely due to the high PO4 uptake capability as induced by low PO4-adapted phytoplankton. The low and high P* (=PO4-DIN/16) regimes geographically corresponded to the low and high DIN:PO4 drawdown ratios in the WNP and the CNP or ESP, respectively. The basin-wide P* distribution in the oligotrophic Pacific surface waters showed a clear regional trend from low in the WNP (<50 nM) to high in the ESP (>100 nM). These results suggest that the subtropical phytoplankton blooms as observed in our experiments could be an important factor controlling P* as well as the commonly recognized dinitrogen fixation and denitrification characteristics.

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“…The values for projected changes in C : P and C : N between 1981-2000 and 2081-2100 are given in Table 3. cobiliprotein that are essential for light harvesting) under Fe limitation (Falkowski and Raven, 2007;Twining and Baines, 2013). Alternatively, Fe availability may be affecting cellular C, N, and P more or less proportionally for all phytoplankton, leading to constant P : C and N : C (Greene et al, 1991;van Oijen et al, 2004;La Roche et al, 1993;Takeda, 1998). We also did not find noticeable heterogeneities in P : C and N : C amongst different moderators.…”

Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 54%

A meta-analysis on environmental drivers of marine phytoplankton C : N : P

Tanioka

Matsumoto

2020

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. The elemental stoichiometry of marine phytoplankton plays a critical role in global biogeochemical cycles through its impact on nutrient cycling, secondary production, and carbon export. Although extensive laboratory experiments have been carried out over the years to assess the influence of different environmental drivers on the elemental composition of phytoplankton, a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the processes is still lacking. Here, we synthesized the responses of P:C and N:C ratios of marine phytoplankton to five major drivers (inorganic phosphorus, inorganic nitrogen, inorganic iron, irradiance, and temperature) by a meta-analysis of experimental data across 366 experiments from 104 journal articles. Our results show that the response of these ratios to changes in macronutrients is consistent across all the studies, where the increase in nutrient availability is positively related to changes in P:C and N:C ratios. We found that eukaryotic phytoplankton are more sensitive to the changes in macronutrients compared to prokaryotes, possibly due to their larger cell size and their abilities to regulate their gene expression patterns quickly. The effect of irradiance was significant and constant across all studies, where an increase in irradiance decreased both P:C and N:C. The P:C ratio decreased significantly with warming, but the response to temperature changes was mixed depending on the culture growth mode and the growth phase at the time of harvest. Along with other oceanographic conditions of the subtropical gyres (e.g., low macronutrient availability), the elevated temperature may explain why P:C is consistently low in subtropical oceans. Iron addition did not systematically change either P:C or N:C. Overall, our findings highlight the high stoichiometric plasticity of eukaryotes and the importance of macronutrients in determining P:C and N:C ratios, which both provide us insights on how to understand and model plankton diversity and productivity.

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Strategies among phytoplankton in response to alleviation of nutrient stress in a subtropical gyre

Cited by 17 publications

References 100 publications

Resource Availability and Entrainment Are Driven by Offsets Between Nutriclines and Winter Mixed‐Layer Depth

Resource Availability and Entrainment Are Driven by Offsets Between Nutriclines and Winter Mixed‐Layer Depth

Cross-basin differences in the nutrient assimilation characteristics of induced phytoplankton blooms in the subtropical Pacific waters

A meta-analysis on environmental drivers of marine phytoplankton C : N : P

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