Strategies for enhancing cancer chemodynamic therapy performance

Abstract

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has emerged to be a frontrunner amongst reactive oxygen species‐based cancer treatment modalities. CDT utilizes endogenous H2O2 in tumor microenvironment (TME) to produce cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) via Fenton or Fenton‐like reactions. While possessing advantages such as tumor specificity, no need of external stimuli, and low side effects, practical applications of CDT are still impeded owing to the heterogeneity, complexity, and reductive environment of TME. Over the past couple of years, strategies to enhance CDT for efficient tumor regression are in rapid development in synergy with the growth of nanomedicine. In this review, we initially outline the fundamental understanding of Fenton and Fenton‐like reactions and their relationship with CDT. Subsequently, the development in the design of nanosystems for CDT is highlighted in a general manner. Furthermore, recent advancement of the strategies to augment Fenton reactions in TME for enhanced CDT is discussed in detail. Finally, perspectives toward the future development of CDT for better therapeutic outcome are presented. This review is expected to draw attention for collaborative research on CDT in the best interest of its future clinical applications.

Applications of metal–phenolic networks in nanomedicine: a review

“…76 The generation of tumor-specific and cytotoxic ˙OH in cancer cells by the synergistic tumor microenvironment and Fenton reaction is an effective means of chemodynamic therapy (CDT) for the treatment of tumors. 77…”

“…76 The generation of tumor-specific and cytotoxic • OH in cancer cells by the synergistic tumor microenvironment and Fenton reaction is an effective means of chemodynamic therapy (CDT) for the treatment of tumors. 77 ROS-based cancer therapeutics can be developed by increasing intracellular ROS levels using externally sourced ROS to override cellular antioxidant defences and kill cancer cells. 78 Fe III exhibits lower catalytic performance than Fe II , and the Fenton reaction can be enhanced by accelerating Fe III /Fe II conversion.…”

Levonorgestrel-protected Au8 and Au10 clusters with different antimicrobial abilities

“…To prove that bacterial death was a consequence of ROS burst, we carried out ROS scavenging experiments. 45 Melatonin is well known for scavenging ROS. 46,47 When we introduced AuNCs and melatonin into the bacteria at the same time, the intracellular ROS levels were reduced, inducing decreased cell death for S. aureus and E. coli (Fig.…”

Targeted Protein Degradation to Overcome Resistance in Cancer Therapies: PROTAC and N-Degron Pathway

“…Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy have been commonly used for cancer treatments. However, surgery and radiation therapy are ineffective for metastatic cancer, and chemotherapy often induces systemic cytotoxicity because of non-selectivity between normal cells and cancer cells [ 2 , 3 ]. Immunotherapy, as an alternative method, shows effective cancer treatment with reduced systemic toxicity by targeting cancer through the body’s natural defense system, but it is limited to a subset of cancer types and a minority of patients with such cancers [ 4 , 5 ].…”