“…Li and Zhao [10] constructed a data literacy evaluation index set for teachers, including four first-level indicators of data knowledge, data skills, teaching application, and awareness ethics. Liu et al [3] argued that teachers' data literacy competence can be constructed from four aspects: the thinking method layer, the core skills layer, the basic knowledge layer, and the awareness and attitude layer. Ma and Sun [11] believed that teachers' data lite-racy competence contains data awareness, data knowledge, data application skills, data thinking, and data ethics.…”